Topic summary
49% 11 analyzed articles/videos 4,305 analyzed words
BS Summary: These Public Finance results contain 52 faulty reasoning types, including Appeal to Emotion , Framing Effect , and Pessimism Bias , with Negativity Bias as the most egregious example at 9.5% saturation with 3,393 hits . Analysis detected 28,692 faulty-reasoning hits from 35,713 analyzed words across 11 articles, generating a BS Score of 1.5% and a BS Rank of 9% (14,030 of 15,327 topics). This Public Finance is better (less manipulative) than 91.50% of the peer group. Public Finance
Topic details
Total words: 35,713
Article count: 11
Authors
Ranking context Position among analyzed topics
9% percentile 0 25 50 75 100 8.5% percentile 1.5% BS Score11 analyzed articles35.7K analyzed words
Reasoning profile Selected profile versus the sitewide rate
Highest rates Largest gaps
Shared scale 0–50%
0.0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% Framing Effect Sitewide 26.9% Topic 7.4% 7.4% Negativity Bias Sitewide 19.2% Topic 9.5% 9.5% Appeal to Emotion Sitewide 15.9% Topic 7.7% 7.7% Availability Heuristic Sitewide 9.1% Topic 2.0% 2.0% Appeal to Authority Sitewide 11.1% Topic 4.2% 4.2% Confirmation Bias Sitewide 7.5% Topic 1.8% 1.8% In-Group Bias Sitewide 6.9% Topic 1.2% 1.2% Halo Effect Sitewide 6.7% Topic 1.1% 1.1% Anecdotal Sitewide 5.2% Topic 1.0% 1.0% Hasty Generalization Sitewide 8.1% Topic 3.9% 3.9% Sitewide departure map Above the diagonal means this profile uses the pattern more often
0.0% 0.0% 10% 10% 20% 20% 30% 30% 40% 40% 50% 50% Framing Effect: Topic 7.4%, sitewide 26.9% Negativity Bias: Topic 9.5%, sitewide 19.2% Appeal to Emotion: Topic 7.7%, sitewide 15.9% Appeal to Authority: Topic 4.2%, sitewide 11.1% Availability Heuristic: Topic 2.0%, sitewide 9.1% Hasty Generalization: Topic 3.9%, sitewide 8.1% Confirmation Bias: Topic 1.8%, sitewide 7.5% In-Group Bias: Topic 1.2%, sitewide 6.9% Halo Effect: Topic 1.1%, sitewide 6.7% Optimism Bias: Topic 3.1%, sitewide 6.0% Biased Writer Voice: Topic 3.3%, sitewide 5.3% Anecdotal: Topic 1.0%, sitewide 5.2% Overconfidence Bias: Topic 2.3%, sitewide 4.6% Pessimism Bias: Topic 4.3%, sitewide 1.9% Anchoring Bias: Topic 1.9%, sitewide 4.0% Self-Serving Bias: Topic 1.7%, sitewide 3.7% Post Hoc (False Cause): Topic 2.2%, sitewide 3.3% Out-Group Homogeneity Bias: Topic 0.5%, sitewide 3.1% Fundamental Attribution Error: Topic 1.1%, sitewide 2.7% False Dilemma: Topic 2.7%, sitewide 1.5% Recency Bias: Topic 0.7%, sitewide 2.7% Loss Aversion: Topic 2.4%, sitewide 2.5% Bandwagon: Topic 1.1%, sitewide 2.2% Status Quo Bias: Topic 0.9%, sitewide 2.2% Framing Effect Sitewide rate Topic rate Analyzed articles and videos Sort by Most recent Article rank - best Article rank - worst