Topic summary
35% 12 analyzed articles/videos 5,177 analyzed words
BS Summary: These City Government results contain 47 faulty reasoning types, including Appeal to Emotion , Negativity Bias , and Optimism Bias , with Framing Effect as the most egregious example at 9% saturation with 2,531 hits . Analysis detected 22,379 faulty-reasoning hits from 28,245 analyzed words across 12 articles, generating a BS Score of 1.7% and a BS Rank of 13% (13,734 of 15,769 topics). This City Government is better (less manipulative) than 87.10% of the peer group. City Government
Topic details
Total words: 28,245
Article count: 12
Authors
Ranking context Position among analyzed topics
13% percentile 0 25 50 75 100 12.9% percentile 1.7% BS Score12 analyzed articles28.2K analyzed words
Reasoning profile Selected profile versus the sitewide rate
Highest rates Largest gaps
Shared scale 0–50%
0.0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% Framing Effect Sitewide 26.9% Topic 9.0% 9.0% Negativity Bias Sitewide 19.2% Topic 6.8% 6.8% Appeal to Emotion Sitewide 15.9% Topic 7.9% 7.9% Appeal to Authority Sitewide 11.1% Topic 3.4% 3.4% Availability Heuristic Sitewide 9.1% Topic 2.9% 2.9% In-Group Bias Sitewide 6.9% Topic 1.0% 1.0% Confirmation Bias Sitewide 7.5% Topic 2.9% 2.9% Hasty Generalization Sitewide 8.1% Topic 3.8% 3.8% Anecdotal Sitewide 5.2% Topic 1.0% 1.0% Halo Effect Sitewide 6.7% Topic 2.8% 2.8% Sitewide departure map Above the diagonal means this profile uses the pattern more often
0.0% 0.0% 10% 10% 20% 20% 30% 30% 40% 40% 50% 50% Framing Effect: Topic 9.0%, sitewide 26.9% Negativity Bias: Topic 6.8%, sitewide 19.2% Appeal to Emotion: Topic 7.9%, sitewide 15.9% Appeal to Authority: Topic 3.4%, sitewide 11.1% Availability Heuristic: Topic 2.9%, sitewide 9.1% Hasty Generalization: Topic 3.8%, sitewide 8.1% Confirmation Bias: Topic 2.9%, sitewide 7.5% In-Group Bias: Topic 1.0%, sitewide 6.9% Halo Effect: Topic 2.8%, sitewide 6.7% Optimism Bias: Topic 4.0%, sitewide 6.0% Biased Writer Voice: Topic 1.8%, sitewide 5.3% Anecdotal: Topic 1.0%, sitewide 5.2% Overconfidence Bias: Topic 1.6%, sitewide 4.6% Anchoring Bias: Topic 1.1%, sitewide 4.0% Self-Serving Bias: Topic 1.9%, sitewide 3.7% Attempt to Sell a Product or Service: Topic 3.7%, sitewide 0.5% Post Hoc (False Cause): Topic 1.8%, sitewide 3.3% Out-Group Homogeneity Bias: Topic 0.4%, sitewide 3.1% Fundamental Attribution Error: Topic 0.7%, sitewide 2.7% Recency Bias: Topic 1.5%, sitewide 2.7% Loss Aversion: Topic 1.6%, sitewide 2.5% Bandwagon: Topic 1.8%, sitewide 2.2% Status Quo Bias: Topic 1.6%, sitewide 2.2% Ad Hominem: Topic 0.6%, sitewide 2.2% Framing Effect Sitewide rate Topic rate Analyzed articles and videos Sort by Most recent Article rank - best Article rank - worst