Topic summary
42% 8 analyzed articles/videos 3,447 analyzed words
BS Summary: These Michigan results contain 45 faulty reasoning types, including Indoctrination , Halo Effect , and Confirmation Bias , with Appeal to Emotion as the most egregious example at 7% saturation with 1,005 hits . Analysis detected 10,825 faulty-reasoning hits from 14,409 analyzed words across 8 articles, generating a BS Score of 1.7% and a BS Rank of 13% (14,481 of 16,562 topics). This Michigan is better (less manipulative) than 87.40% of the peer group. Michigan
Topic details
Total words: 14,409
Article count: 8
Authors
Ranking context Position among analyzed topics
13% percentile 0 25 50 75 100 12.6% percentile 1.7% BS Score8 analyzed articles14.4K analyzed words
Reasoning profile Selected profile versus the sitewide rate
Highest rates Largest gaps
Shared scale 0–50%
0.0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% Framing Effect Sitewide 26.9% Topic 3.1% 3.1% Negativity Bias Sitewide 19.2% Topic 4.1% 4.1% Appeal to Authority Sitewide 11.1% Topic 1.8% 1.8% Appeal to Emotion Sitewide 15.9% Topic 7.0% 7.0% Availability Heuristic Sitewide 9.1% Topic 1.6% 1.6% Indoctrination Sitewide 0.0% Topic 7.0% 7.0% In-Group Bias Sitewide 6.9% Topic 1.4% 1.4% Hasty Generalization Sitewide 8.1% Topic 3.1% 3.1% Anecdotal Sitewide 5.2% Topic 1.8% 1.8% Anchoring Bias Sitewide 4.0% Topic 0.7% 0.7% Sitewide departure map Above the diagonal means this profile uses the pattern more often
0.0% 0.0% 10% 10% 20% 20% 30% 30% 40% 40% 50% 50% Framing Effect: Topic 3.1%, sitewide 26.9% Negativity Bias: Topic 4.1%, sitewide 19.2% Appeal to Emotion: Topic 7.0%, sitewide 15.9% Appeal to Authority: Topic 1.8%, sitewide 11.1% Availability Heuristic: Topic 1.6%, sitewide 9.1% Hasty Generalization: Topic 3.1%, sitewide 8.1% Confirmation Bias: Topic 5.3%, sitewide 7.5% Indoctrination: Topic 7.0%, sitewide 0.0% In-Group Bias: Topic 1.4%, sitewide 6.9% Halo Effect: Topic 6.2%, sitewide 6.7% Optimism Bias: Topic 5.3%, sitewide 6.0% Biased Writer Voice: Topic 4.2%, sitewide 5.3% Anecdotal: Topic 1.8%, sitewide 5.2% Overconfidence Bias: Topic 1.8%, sitewide 4.6% Anchoring Bias: Topic 0.7%, sitewide 4.0% Self-Serving Bias: Topic 2.1%, sitewide 3.7% Post Hoc (False Cause): Topic 2.6%, sitewide 3.3% Out-Group Homogeneity Bias: Topic 0.3%, sitewide 3.1% Fundamental Attribution Error: Topic 0.3%, sitewide 2.7% Recency Bias: Topic 0.7%, sitewide 2.7% Loss Aversion: Topic 0.7%, sitewide 2.5% Bandwagon: Topic 0.7%, sitewide 2.2% Unattributed Quote: Topic 2.2%, sitewide 1.1% Status Quo Bias: Topic 0.6%, sitewide 2.2% Framing Effect Sitewide rate Topic rate Analyzed articles and videos Sort by Most recent Article rank - best Article rank - worst