Topic summary
18% 7 analyzed articles/videos 5,401 analyzed words
BS Summary: These Public Administration results contain 52 faulty reasoning types, including Biased Writer Voice , Hasty Generalization , and Appeal to Emotion , with Negativity Bias as the most egregious example at 9.5% saturation with 2,958 hits . Analysis detected 22,184 faulty-reasoning hits from 31,098 analyzed words across 7 articles, generating a BS Score of 1.4% and a BS Rank of 5% (15,541 of 16,311 topics). This Public Administration is better (less manipulative) than 95.30% of the peer group. Public Administration
Topic details
Total words: 31,098
Article count: 7
Authors
Ranking context Position among analyzed topics
5% percentile 0 25 50 75 100 4.7% percentile 1.4% BS Score7 analyzed articles31.1K analyzed words
Reasoning profile Selected profile versus the sitewide rate
Highest rates Largest gaps
Shared scale 0–50%
0.0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% Framing Effect Sitewide 26.9% Topic 2.6% 2.6% Appeal to Emotion Sitewide 15.9% Topic 3.7% 3.7% Negativity Bias Sitewide 19.2% Topic 9.5% 9.5% Appeal to Authority Sitewide 11.1% Topic 2.8% 2.8% Availability Heuristic Sitewide 9.1% Topic 2.0% 2.0% In-Group Bias Sitewide 6.9% Topic 0.2% 0.2% Confirmation Bias Sitewide 7.5% Topic 2.4% 2.4% Optimism Bias Sitewide 6.0% Topic 1.7% 1.7% Halo Effect Sitewide 6.7% Topic 2.9% 2.9% Overconfidence Bias Sitewide 4.6% Topic 1.1% 1.1% Sitewide departure map Above the diagonal means this profile uses the pattern more often
0.0% 0.0% 10% 10% 20% 20% 30% 30% 40% 40% 50% 50% Framing Effect: Topic 2.6%, sitewide 26.9% Negativity Bias: Topic 9.5%, sitewide 19.2% Appeal to Emotion: Topic 3.7%, sitewide 15.9% Appeal to Authority: Topic 2.8%, sitewide 11.1% Availability Heuristic: Topic 2.0%, sitewide 9.1% Hasty Generalization: Topic 4.9%, sitewide 8.1% Confirmation Bias: Topic 2.4%, sitewide 7.5% In-Group Bias: Topic 0.2%, sitewide 6.9% Halo Effect: Topic 2.9%, sitewide 6.7% Optimism Bias: Topic 1.7%, sitewide 6.0% Biased Writer Voice: Topic 5.3%, sitewide 5.3% Anecdotal: Topic 2.9%, sitewide 5.2% Overconfidence Bias: Topic 1.1%, sitewide 4.6% Anchoring Bias: Topic 0.9%, sitewide 4.0% Self-Serving Bias: Topic 2.4%, sitewide 3.7% Post Hoc (False Cause): Topic 3.4%, sitewide 3.3% Out-Group Homogeneity Bias: Topic 0.5%, sitewide 3.1% Indoctrination: Topic 2.8%, sitewide 0.0% Fundamental Attribution Error: Topic 0.5%, sitewide 2.7% Recency Bias: Topic 0.7%, sitewide 2.7% Bandwagon: Topic 0.2%, sitewide 2.2% Status Quo Bias: Topic 0.8%, sitewide 2.2% Ad Hominem: Topic 0.5%, sitewide 2.2% False Dilemma: Topic 2.1%, sitewide 1.5% Framing Effect Sitewide rate Topic rate Analyzed articles and videos Sort by Most recent Article rank - best Article rank - worst