Topic summary
14% 7 analyzed articles/videos 4,525 analyzed words
BS Summary: These City Budget results contain 43 faulty reasoning types, including Biased Writer Voice , Appeal to Emotion , and Hasty Generalization , with Negativity Bias as the most egregious example at 6.7% saturation with 1,278 hits . Analysis detected 11,544 faulty-reasoning hits from 18,947 analyzed words across 7 articles, generating a BS Score of 1.4% and a BS Rank of 6% (15,596 of 16,562 topics). This City Budget is better (less manipulative) than 94.20% of the peer group. City Budget
Topic details
Total words: 18,947
Article count: 7
Authors
Ranking context Position among analyzed topics
6% percentile 0 25 50 75 100 5.8% percentile 1.4% BS Score7 analyzed articles18.9K analyzed words
Reasoning profile Selected profile versus the sitewide rate
Highest rates Largest gaps
Shared scale 0–50%
0.0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% Framing Effect Sitewide 26.9% Topic 3.7% 3.7% Negativity Bias Sitewide 19.2% Topic 6.8% 6.8% Appeal to Emotion Sitewide 15.9% Topic 4.7% 4.7% Appeal to Authority Sitewide 11.1% Topic 2.0% 2.0% Availability Heuristic Sitewide 9.1% Topic 1.5% 1.5% Confirmation Bias Sitewide 7.5% Topic 1.4% 1.4% Halo Effect Sitewide 6.7% Topic 1.1% 1.1% In-Group Bias Sitewide 6.9% Topic 2.0% 2.0% Hasty Generalization Sitewide 8.1% Topic 3.9% 3.9% Optimism Bias Sitewide 6.0% Topic 2.1% 2.1% Sitewide departure map Above the diagonal means this profile uses the pattern more often
0.0% 0.0% 10% 10% 20% 20% 30% 30% 40% 40% 50% 50% Framing Effect: Topic 3.7%, sitewide 26.9% Negativity Bias: Topic 6.8%, sitewide 19.2% Appeal to Emotion: Topic 4.7%, sitewide 15.9% Appeal to Authority: Topic 2.0%, sitewide 11.1% Availability Heuristic: Topic 1.5%, sitewide 9.1% Hasty Generalization: Topic 3.9%, sitewide 8.1% Confirmation Bias: Topic 1.4%, sitewide 7.5% In-Group Bias: Topic 2.0%, sitewide 6.9% Halo Effect: Topic 1.1%, sitewide 6.7% Biased Writer Voice: Topic 6.6%, sitewide 5.3% Optimism Bias: Topic 2.1%, sitewide 6.0% Anecdotal: Topic 1.3%, sitewide 5.2% Overconfidence Bias: Topic 1.1%, sitewide 4.6% Anchoring Bias: Topic 0.2%, sitewide 4.0% Self-Serving Bias: Topic 3.0%, sitewide 3.7% Post Hoc (False Cause): Topic 1.6%, sitewide 3.3% Out-Group Homogeneity Bias: Topic 0.0%, sitewide 3.1% Fundamental Attribution Error: Topic 1.9%, sitewide 2.7% Recency Bias: Topic 1.1%, sitewide 2.7% Loss Aversion: Topic 0.6%, sitewide 2.5% Bandwagon: Topic 0.3%, sitewide 2.2% Status Quo Bias: Topic 1.1%, sitewide 2.2% Ad Hominem: Topic 2.2%, sitewide 2.2% Politically Left Leaning Bias: Topic 0.6%, sitewide 2.0% Framing Effect Sitewide rate Topic rate Analyzed articles and videos Sort by Most recent Article rank - best Article rank - worst