Topic summary
19% 7 analyzed articles/videos 4,651 analyzed words
BS Summary: These Municipal Finance results contain 48 faulty reasoning types, including Biased Writer Voice , Framing Effect , and Appeal to Emotion , with Negativity Bias as the most egregious example at 8.9% saturation with 2,022 hits . Analysis detected 17,754 faulty-reasoning hits from 22,796 analyzed words across 7 articles, generating a BS Score of 1.6% and a BS Rank of 11% (14,047 of 15,753 topics). This Municipal Finance is better (less manipulative) than 89.20% of the peer group. Municipal Finance
Topic details
Total words: 22,796
Article count: 7
Authors
Ranking context Position among analyzed topics
11% percentile 0 25 50 75 100 10.8% percentile 1.6% BS Score7 analyzed articles22.8K analyzed words
Reasoning profile Selected profile versus the sitewide rate
Highest rates Largest gaps
Shared scale 0–50%
0.0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% Framing Effect Sitewide 26.9% Topic 6.7% 6.7% Appeal to Emotion Sitewide 15.9% Topic 4.2% 4.2% Negativity Bias Sitewide 19.2% Topic 8.9% 8.9% Appeal to Authority Sitewide 11.1% Topic 3.9% 3.9% Availability Heuristic Sitewide 9.1% Topic 2.8% 2.8% In-Group Bias Sitewide 6.9% Topic 1.1% 1.1% Halo Effect Sitewide 6.7% Topic 1.7% 1.7% Hasty Generalization Sitewide 8.1% Topic 3.6% 3.6% Confirmation Bias Sitewide 7.5% Topic 3.1% 3.1% Anecdotal Sitewide 5.2% Topic 1.5% 1.5% Sitewide departure map Above the diagonal means this profile uses the pattern more often
0.0% 0.0% 10% 10% 20% 20% 30% 30% 40% 40% 50% 50% Framing Effect: Topic 6.7%, sitewide 26.9% Negativity Bias: Topic 8.9%, sitewide 19.2% Appeal to Emotion: Topic 4.2%, sitewide 15.9% Appeal to Authority: Topic 3.9%, sitewide 11.1% Availability Heuristic: Topic 2.8%, sitewide 9.1% Hasty Generalization: Topic 3.6%, sitewide 8.1% Biased Writer Voice: Topic 7.8%, sitewide 5.3% Confirmation Bias: Topic 3.1%, sitewide 7.5% In-Group Bias: Topic 1.1%, sitewide 6.9% Halo Effect: Topic 1.7%, sitewide 6.7% Optimism Bias: Topic 3.2%, sitewide 6.0% Anecdotal: Topic 1.5%, sitewide 5.2% Overconfidence Bias: Topic 2.3%, sitewide 4.6% Anchoring Bias: Topic 1.1%, sitewide 4.0% Self-Serving Bias: Topic 1.7%, sitewide 3.7% Post Hoc (False Cause): Topic 2.4%, sitewide 3.3% Out-Group Homogeneity Bias: Topic 0.2%, sitewide 3.1% Fundamental Attribution Error: Topic 0.4%, sitewide 2.7% Recency Bias: Topic 1.5%, sitewide 2.7% Loss Aversion: Topic 0.8%, sitewide 2.5% Status Quo Bias: Topic 1.8%, sitewide 2.2% Ad Hominem: Topic 1.1%, sitewide 2.2% Politically Left Leaning Bias: Topic 1.3%, sitewide 2.0% Representativeness Heuristic: Topic 0.7%, sitewide 1.9% Framing Effect Sitewide rate Topic rate Analyzed articles and videos Sort by Most recent Article rank - best Article rank - worst