BS Summary: This article contains 23 faulty reasoning types, including Biased Writer Voice, Appeal to Emotion, and Framing Effect, with Negativity Bias as the most egregious example at 51.3% saturation with 265 hits. Analysis detected 1,607 faulty-reasoning hits from 517 analyzed words, generating a BS Score of 50.2% and a BS Rank of 50% (10,997 of 21,887 articles). This article is better (less manipulative) than 50.20% of the article peer group.

LONDON (AP)  Brexit fractured the European Union, and broke British politics. 
The U.K. is about to get its seventh prime minister since June 23, 2016, a decade ago Tuesday, when the country voted 52%-48% to leave the EU after more than four decades of membership. 
Conservative Prime Minister David Cameron, who called the referendum but campaigned for the U.K. to stay in the bloc, quit the next day. 
His successors have all grappled, largely unsuccessfully, with the consequences of that rupture. 
The latest is Labour Prime Minister Keir Starmer, who announced Monday that he was stepping down after two years of a sluggish economy, malfunctioning government and a divided and jaded electorate  all legacies, at least in part, of Brexit. 
Though the decision has faded from headlines, “the subterranean trace of Brexit” still runs through Britain’s increasingly unruly politics, said Chris Grey, an academic who has studied the fallout from Britain’s EU departure. 
“We can see the sunlit meadows beyond. 
I believe we would be mad not to take this once-in-a-lifetime chance to walk through that door,” Boris Johnson, a leading Brexit campaigner who later became prime minister, said a few weeks before the referendum. 
“It was against what people saw as unrestricted immigration. 
It was against what they saw as EU regulations. 
And then there was this mix of nostalgia  ‘We fought alone in the Second World War.’ 
Which was of course not true. 
“It was never clearly explained what Brexit might entail.” 
Political parties have fractured 
Historian Anthony Seldon said Cameron called the referendum hoping it would end arguments about relations with Europe that had riven the Conservative Party. 
It didn’t. 
“The people who obsessed about it still obsess about it. 
Britain’s problems have continued,” Seldon told Times Radio. 
During the divorce negotiations, Conservatives who wanted a softer Brexit and closer ties with the EU were pushed out of the party by the triumphant Brexiteer faction. 
Johnson succeeded May and promised to “get Brexit done,” and managed to secure a bare-bones trade deal after negotiations that left U.K.-EU relations in the deep freeze. 
He was ousted by the Conservative Party in mid-2022 after mounting financial and ethical scandals. 
His replacement, Liz Truss, lasted just 49 days in office. 
Her successor, Rishi Sunak, thawed the frosty EU relationship without making major changes. 
Starmer promised a “reset,” but refused to consider rejoining the bloc’s frictionless single market, which was free of tariffs and other trade barriers. 
As he hands over power, Brexit remains unfinished business. 
But Brexit remains a minefield that politicians fear to enter. 
Even if Britain wanted to rejoin, it would be a long road back to a wary EU. 
Grey said that until politicians are willing to face the legacy of Brexit, Britain faces an “undertow of low-grade crisis.” 
He likened the U.K. to a person with a nagging illness that saps their energy. 
“A chronic thing, in this case perhaps not incurable,” he said. 
“But it’s just that they don’t fancy going to the doctor because they know it’s not going to be very nice.” 
Article reasoning-pattern comparisonThis article: 7.7%Jill Lawless: 3.8%AP News: 2.0%Confirmation Bias7.7%This article: 0.0%Jill Lawless: 1.2%AP News: 0.8%Anchoring Bias0.0%This article: 14.7%Jill Lawless: 2.9%AP News: 2.7%Availability Heuristic14.7%This article: 0.0%Jill Lawless: 1.3%AP News: 0.7%Representativeness Heuristic0.0%This article: 4.8%Jill Lawless: 0.7%AP News: 0.4%Hindsight Bias4.8%This article: 0.0%Jill Lawless: 2.4%AP News: 1.6%Overconfidence Bias0.0%This article: 24.8%Jill Lawless: 8.3%AP News: 8.0%Framing Effect24.8%This article: 0.0%Jill Lawless: 0.2%AP News: 0.4%Loss Aversion0.0%This article: 1.7%Jill Lawless: 0.7%AP News: 0.5%Status Quo Bias1.7%This article: 0.0%Jill Lawless: 0.2%AP News: 0.1%Sunk Cost Effect0.0%This article: 12.8%Jill Lawless: 3.0%AP News: 2.2%Optimism Bias12.8%This article: 12.0%Jill Lawless: 3.8%AP News: 2.1%Pessimism Bias12.0%This article: 51.3%Jill Lawless: 16.0%AP News: 9.6%Negativity Bias51.3%This article: 0.0%Jill Lawless: 1.5%AP News: 1.7%Self-Serving Bias0.0%This article: 2.5%Jill Lawless: 2.5%AP News: 0.8%Fundamental Attribution Error2.5%This article: 5.2%Jill Lawless: 0.4%AP News: 0.2%Actor-Observer Bias5.2%This article: 12.0%Jill Lawless: 1.7%AP News: 1.1%In-Group Bias12.0%This article: 0.0%Jill Lawless: 1.1%AP News: 0.6%Out-Group Homogeneity Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Jill Lawless: 5.4%AP News: 1.4%Halo Effect0.0%This article: 0.0%Jill Lawless: 0.0%AP News: 0.1%Horn Effect0.0%This article: 0.0%Jill Lawless: 0.0%AP News: 0.0%Dunning-Kruger Effect0.0%This article: 9.7%Jill Lawless: 1.5%AP News: 1.3%Recency Bias9.7%This article: 0.0%Jill Lawless: 0.6%AP News: 0.3%Primacy Effect0.0%This article: 0.0%Jill Lawless: 0.0%AP News: 0.1%Blind-Spot Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Jill Lawless: 4.1%AP News: 0.8%Ad Hominem0.0%This article: 0.0%Jill Lawless: 0.2%AP News: 0.1%Straw Man0.0%This article: 15.9%Jill Lawless: 3.6%AP News: 3.7%Appeal to Authority15.9%This article: 11.2%Jill Lawless: 1.4%AP News: 1.2%False Dilemma11.2%This article: 0.0%Jill Lawless: 0.2%AP News: 0.8%Slippery Slope0.0%This article: 0.0%Jill Lawless: 0.2%AP News: 0.1%Circular Reasoning0.0%This article: 15.9%Jill Lawless: 5.3%AP News: 2.5%Hasty Generalization15.9%This article: 0.0%Jill Lawless: 0.5%AP News: 0.2%Red Herring0.0%This article: 0.0%Jill Lawless: 0.8%AP News: 0.3%Bandwagon0.0%This article: 25.9%Jill Lawless: 6.4%AP News: 4.7%Appeal to Emotion25.9%This article: 0.0%Jill Lawless: 0.8%AP News: 0.6%Begging the Question0.0%This article: 12.6%Jill Lawless: 4.3%AP News: 2.6%Post Hoc (False Cause)12.6%This article: 0.0%Jill Lawless: 0.0%AP News: 0.1%Tu Quoque0.0%This article: 0.0%Jill Lawless: 1.5%AP News: 0.4%Burden of Proof0.0%This article: 0.0%Jill Lawless: 0.3%AP News: 0.1%Appeal to Nature0.0%This article: 0.0%Jill Lawless: 0.2%AP News: 0.2%Composition/Division0.0%This article: 1.7%Jill Lawless: 0.5%AP News: 1.2%Anecdotal1.7%This article: 0.0%Jill Lawless: 0.0%AP News: 0.1%No True Scotsman0.0%This article: 7.0%Jill Lawless: 2.0%AP News: 1.5%Ambiguity (Equivocation)7.0%This article: 0.0%Jill Lawless: 0.0%AP News: 0.0%Gambler’s Fallacy0.0%This article: 0.0%Jill Lawless: 0.1%AP News: 0.1%Middle Ground0.0%This article: 0.0%Jill Lawless: 0.3%AP News: 0.0%Personal Incredulity0.0%This article: 0.0%Jill Lawless: 0.0%AP News: 0.1%Special Pleading0.0%This article: 0.0%Jill Lawless: 0.8%AP News: 0.1%Genetic Fallacy0.0%This article: 3.7%Jill Lawless: 1.2%AP News: 2.0%Unattributed Quote3.7%This article: 1.4%Jill Lawless: 1.4%AP News: 1.2%Quote-first Misdirection1.4%This article: 50.1%Jill Lawless: 4.1%AP News: 3.1%Biased Writer Voice50.1%This article: 6.4%Jill Lawless: 0.4%AP News: 0.6%Indoctrination6.4%This article: 0.0%Jill Lawless: 0.5%AP News: 0.8%Politically Left Leaning Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Jill Lawless: 0.2%AP News: 0.2%Politically Right Leaning Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Jill Lawless: 0.2%AP News: 0.2%Attempt to Sell a Product or S…0.0%

517 words analyzed.

Speakers

3speakers36%attributed speech332writer words
Voice mapSelect a segment to jump to its words
Writer's voice • 5 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 12 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 34 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 23 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 13 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 40 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 33 words • 100.0% coverageBoris Johnson • 7 words • 100.0% coverageBoris Johnson • 35 words • 100.0% coverageBoris Johnson • 9 words • 0.0% coverageBoris Johnson • 9 words • 0.0% coverageBoris Johnson • 17 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 6 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 9 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 4 words • 0.0% coverageAnthony Seldon • 23 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 2 words • 0.0% coverageAnthony Seldon • 10 words • 100.0% coverageAnthony Seldon • 8 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 27 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 27 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 15 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 10 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 13 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 23 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 9 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 10 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 17 words • 0.0% coverageChris Grey • 20 words • 0.0% coverageChris Grey • 15 words • 100.0% coverageChris Grey • 11 words • 0.0% coverageChris Grey • 21 words • 0.0% coverage
Selected voice

Boris Johnson

100%flagged-word coverage
77 attributed words42% of attributed speech83% writer coverage
0%32.5%65.0%Biased Writer Voice-17.5 ptsWriter: 63.0%Boris Johnson: 45.5%45.5%Indoctrination-9.9 ptsWriter: 9.9%Boris Johnson: 0.0%0.0%Quote-first Misdirection+9.1 ptsWriter: 0.0%Boris Johnson: 9.1%9.1%Unattributed Quote-2.7 ptsWriter: 2.7%Boris Johnson: 0.0%0.0%

Attribution is sentence-level. Pattern percentages are calculated only from words assigned to that voice.

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Analysis

Hover over highlighted words in the article to view the associated bias or fallacy analysis.