AP News72%

Cyberattacks on Minnesota water systems investigated as officials warn about Iranian hackers 45%

By JAMIE STENGLE36% ERIC TUCKER50%

7/30/2026, 3:42:32 PM

BS Summary: This article contains 12 faulty reasoning types, including Anchoring Bias, Appeal to Authority, and Confirmation Bias, with Optimism Bias as the most egregious example at 23.5% saturation with 83 hits. Analysis detected 406 faulty-reasoning hits from 353 analyzed words, generating a BS Score of 39.6% and a BS Rank of 45% (17,002 of 30,447 articles). This article is better (less manipulative) than 55.80% of the article peer group.

Authorities were working Thursday to find the source of cyberattacks that targeted over 30 water systems in Minnesota and came amid warnings that Iranian hackers have been focused on such systems. 
Minnesota IT Services said state officials had yet to identify who was behind the attacks that took place Sunday and Monday. 
There were no reports that residents had been impacted by the attacks, though one city asked residents to conserve water for a couple hours while they tried to determine what was wrong. 
The FBI, which is investigating, has not publicly identified a culprit and a spokesperson declined to say Thursday who the bureau thought might be responsible. 
The FBI, Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency and other agencies warned in an advisory last week that Iranian hackers have been targeting water and wastewater systems and the operational controls other critical infrastructure sectors. 
“I think most credible researchers and responders would be right to treat it like it’s Iran until proven otherwise,” added Kaiser, who is now the senior vice president of Halcyon’s Ransomware Research Center. 
“When it walks like a duck and talks like a duck, it’s really important to call it out.” 
For a few hours on Monday, the city of Braham asked residents to minimize water use as they tried to determine why the water plant was offline. 
The city said in a news release that the water plant outage was due to a cyberattack, but it didn’t cause any issue with water quality. 
The city said the attackers shut down the operating controls that shut down the well and water treatment plant. 
That left the city for a time only able to provide residents with the water held in the water tower. 
In Plymouth, a city of about 80,000 located outside of Minneapolis, officials said on social media that their water infrastructure communications had been restored by Tuesday afternoon following a cyberattack. 
The city said crews were able to continue operating the system during the outage and it didn’t have any impact on water levels or quality. 
Article reasoning-pattern comparisonThis article: 9.3%Jamie Stengle: 3.0%AP News: 1.9%Confirmation Bias9.3%This article: 12.7%Jamie Stengle: 2.0%AP News: 0.8%Anchoring Bias12.7%This article: 8.8%Jamie Stengle: 5.6%AP News: 2.5%Availability Heuristic8.8%This article: 5.1%Jamie Stengle: 0.6%AP News: 0.7%Representativeness Heuristic5.1%This article: 0.0%Jamie Stengle: 0.1%AP News: 0.4%Hindsight Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Jamie Stengle: 0.4%AP News: 1.5%Overconfidence Bias0.0%This article: 3.4%Jamie Stengle: 3.9%AP News: 7.2%Framing Effect3.4%This article: 0.0%Jamie Stengle: 0.6%AP News: 0.4%Loss Aversion0.0%This article: 0.0%Jamie Stengle: 0.3%AP News: 0.5%Status Quo Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Jamie Stengle: 0.1%AP News: 0.1%Sunk Cost Effect0.0%This article: 23.5%Jamie Stengle: 1.4%AP News: 2.0%Optimism Bias23.5%This article: 0.0%Jamie Stengle: 1.0%AP News: 1.9%Pessimism Bias0.0%This article: 9.1%Jamie Stengle: 9.1%AP News: 8.7%Negativity Bias9.1%This article: 0.0%Jamie Stengle: 0.6%AP News: 1.6%Self-Serving Bias0.0%This article: 7.1%Jamie Stengle: 0.2%AP News: 0.8%Fundamental Attribution Error7.1%This article: 0.0%Jamie Stengle: 0.0%AP News: 0.2%Actor-Observer Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Jamie Stengle: 0.0%AP News: 1.0%In-Group Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Jamie Stengle: 0.9%AP News: 0.6%Out-Group Homogeneity Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Jamie Stengle: 0.3%AP News: 1.3%Halo Effect0.0%This article: 0.0%Jamie Stengle: 0.0%AP News: 0.1%Horn Effect0.0%This article: 0.0%Jamie Stengle: 0.0%AP News: 0.0%Dunning-Kruger Effect0.0%This article: 8.5%Jamie Stengle: 0.9%AP News: 1.2%Recency Bias8.5%This article: 0.0%Jamie Stengle: 0.0%AP News: 0.3%Primacy Effect0.0%This article: 0.0%Jamie Stengle: 0.0%AP News: 0.0%Blind-Spot Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Jamie Stengle: 0.1%AP News: 0.8%Ad Hominem0.0%This article: 0.0%Jamie Stengle: 0.0%AP News: 0.2%Straw Man0.0%This article: 9.6%Jamie Stengle: 4.1%AP News: 3.3%Appeal to Authority9.6%This article: 0.0%Jamie Stengle: 0.2%AP News: 1.0%False Dilemma0.0%This article: 0.0%Jamie Stengle: 0.0%AP News: 0.7%Slippery Slope0.0%This article: 0.0%Jamie Stengle: 0.1%AP News: 0.1%Circular Reasoning0.0%This article: 0.0%Jamie Stengle: 1.9%AP News: 2.3%Hasty Generalization0.0%This article: 0.0%Jamie Stengle: 0.0%AP News: 0.2%Red Herring0.0%This article: 0.0%Jamie Stengle: 0.2%AP News: 0.3%Bandwagon0.0%This article: 0.0%Jamie Stengle: 4.1%AP News: 4.2%Appeal to Emotion0.0%This article: 0.0%Jamie Stengle: 0.0%AP News: 0.5%Begging the Question0.0%This article: 0.0%Jamie Stengle: 0.7%AP News: 2.4%Post Hoc (False Cause)0.0%This article: 0.0%Jamie Stengle: 0.0%AP News: 0.1%Tu Quoque0.0%This article: 9.3%Jamie Stengle: 0.7%AP News: 0.4%Burden of Proof9.3%This article: 0.0%Jamie Stengle: 0.1%AP News: 0.1%Appeal to Nature0.0%This article: 0.0%Jamie Stengle: 0.2%AP News: 0.1%Composition/Division0.0%This article: 0.0%Jamie Stengle: 1.5%AP News: 1.1%Anecdotal0.0%This article: 0.0%Jamie Stengle: 0.0%AP News: 0.0%No True Scotsman0.0%This article: 0.0%Jamie Stengle: 1.5%AP News: 1.4%Ambiguity (Equivocation)0.0%This article: 0.0%Jamie Stengle: 0.0%AP News: 0.0%Gambler’s Fallacy0.0%This article: 0.0%Jamie Stengle: 0.0%AP News: 0.1%Middle Ground0.0%This article: 0.0%Jamie Stengle: 0.0%AP News: 0.0%Personal Incredulity0.0%This article: 0.0%Jamie Stengle: 0.0%AP News: 0.1%Special Pleading0.0%This article: 0.0%Jamie Stengle: 0.0%AP News: 0.1%Genetic Fallacy0.0%This article: 8.5%Jamie Stengle: 1.2%AP News: 1.8%Unattributed Quote8.5%This article: 0.0%Jamie Stengle: 1.3%AP News: 1.1%Quote-first Misdirection0.0%This article: 0.0%Jamie Stengle: 0.5%AP News: 2.7%Biased Writer Voice0.0%This article: 0.0%Jamie Stengle: 0.0%AP News: 0.5%Indoctrination0.0%This article: 0.0%Jamie Stengle: 0.1%AP News: 0.7%Politically Left Leaning Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Jamie Stengle: 0.1%AP News: 0.2%Politically Right Leaning Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Jamie Stengle: 0.0%AP News: 0.2%Attempt to Sell a Product or S…0.0%

353 words analyzed.

Speakers

2speakers20%attributed speech281writer words
Selected voice

Kaiser

100%flagged-word coverage
51 attributed words71% of attributed speech84% writer coverage
0%7.5%15.0%Unattributed Quote-10.7 ptsWriter: 10.7%Kaiser: 0.0%0.0%

Attribution is sentence-level. Pattern percentages are calculated only from words assigned to that voice.

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Analysis

Hover over highlighted words in the article to view the associated bias or fallacy analysis.