BS Summary: This article contains 17 faulty reasoning types, including Post Hoc (False Cause), Framing Effect, and Appeal to Emotion, with Negativity Bias as the most egregious example at 11.8% saturation with 71 hits. Analysis detected 548 faulty-reasoning hits from 600 analyzed words, generating a BS Score of 25.8% and a BS Rank of 9% (19,962 of 21,887 articles). This article is better (less manipulative) than 91.20% of the article peer group.

A federal judicial panel has allowed Tennessee to use a new congressional map that splits apart a majority-Black district in Memphis, providing another legal victory for Republicans who hope to gain an additional seat in this year’s midterm elections. 
A three-judge panel on Thursday declined to issue a preliminary injunction against the new districts, paving the way for them to be used in the Aug. 6 primary elections. 
Tennessee had revised its congressional districts in May, shortly after a U.S. 
Supreme Court ruling weakened federal Voting Rights Act protections for minorities. 
President Donald Trump has urged Republican-led states to redraw districts to their advantage to try to hold on to a slim U.S. 
House majority in the November elections. 
Tennessee is among eight GOP states to do so since last year. 
Trump is hoping the mid-decade redistricting can help Republicans buck a historical pattern in which the president’s party typically loses seats in midterms. 
Opponents of Tennessee’s new congressional districts had argued in court that Republican lawmakers who passed the plan were motivated at least partly by racial discrimination, in violation of the U.S. 
Constitution. 
Republicans have insisted they were motivated only by partisan politics, seeking to win the lone Democratic-held seat among the state’s nine districts. 
Legislatures are free to draw partisan districts under a 2019 Supreme Court ruling. 
The federal judges  two Trump appointees and one appointee of former President Barack Obama  wrote in their opinion that the lawsuit is unlikely to succeed because the plaintiffs “lack any direct evidence of racial motivation." 
“The road to a reliably 9-0 map runs through Memphis,” the ruling states. 
“Thus, political motivations readily explain the map’s dilutive effects.” 
The Supreme Court in late April struck down a majority-Black congressional district in Louisiana as an illegal racial gerrymander. 
That decision weakened protections in the federal Voting Rights Act of 1965 that allowed minorities an opportunity to elect the candidate of their choice. 
It also opened a pathway for Republicans in several Southern states to cite political intentions while redrawing voting districts with large minority populations that have elected Democrats. 
In Tennessee, Republicans carved up a Memphis-based district with a majority-Black population that has been represented for about two decades by Democratic Rep. 
Steve Cohen, who is white. 
The metropolitan area was instead placed in parts of three districts, with Cohen’s reshaped district stretching a couple hundred miles eastward before reaching north toward the Nashville suburbs. 
Cohen announced soon after the redraw that he was ending his bid for reelection. 
Amber Sherman, a Memphis voter and plaintiff in the lawsuit, criticized the ruling, saying it’s “painful” to head into an election under a map that weakens the voices of Black voters. 
“We deserve the same opportunity to shape our future as anyone else,” Sherman said. 
“When our voting power is diluted, our neighborhoods have a harder time making their voices heard on the issues that shape our daily lives.” 
Ari Savitzky, an attorney for the American Civil Liberties Union Voting Rights Project, told the judges in mid-June that Republicans who are “essentially an all-white-controlled legislative body" chose to destroy the state’s lone pocket of Black political power in federal elections. 
Attorney Taylor Meehan, representing Tennessee election officials, rejected the assertion of racially discriminatory motivations. 
She also argued it was too late to revert to Tennessee’s previous congressional districts, noting that primary election ballots already had been finalized using the new boundaries. 
Early voting began July 17. 
“Racial data was turned off” when crafting the new districts, Meehan said. 
“The map was drafted for politics.” 
Article reasoning-pattern comparisonThis article: 6.2%DAVID A. LIEB Associated Press: 3.1%ABC News: 2.2%Confirmation Bias6.2%This article: 0.0%DAVID A. LIEB Associated Press: 0.0%ABC News: 0.7%Anchoring Bias0.0%This article: 2.0%DAVID A. LIEB Associated Press: 0.0%ABC News: 3.0%Availability Heuristic2.0%This article: 0.8%DAVID A. LIEB Associated Press: 0.0%ABC News: 0.9%Representativeness Heuristic0.8%This article: 3.8%DAVID A. LIEB Associated Press: 0.0%ABC News: 0.5%Hindsight Bias3.8%This article: 0.0%DAVID A. LIEB Associated Press: 0.0%ABC News: 1.1%Overconfidence Bias0.0%This article: 10.2%DAVID A. LIEB Associated Press: 5.5%ABC News: 6.8%Framing Effect10.2%This article: 0.0%DAVID A. LIEB Associated Press: 0.0%ABC News: 0.3%Loss Aversion0.0%This article: 0.0%DAVID A. LIEB Associated Press: 0.0%ABC News: 0.4%Status Quo Bias0.0%This article: 4.5%DAVID A. LIEB Associated Press: 0.0%ABC News: 0.1%Sunk Cost Effect4.5%This article: 0.0%DAVID A. LIEB Associated Press: 0.0%ABC News: 2.4%Optimism Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%DAVID A. LIEB Associated Press: 0.0%ABC News: 1.0%Pessimism Bias0.0%This article: 11.8%DAVID A. LIEB Associated Press: 0.0%ABC News: 7.7%Negativity Bias11.8%This article: 1.0%DAVID A. LIEB Associated Press: 1.0%ABC News: 1.5%Self-Serving Bias1.0%This article: 4.5%DAVID A. LIEB Associated Press: 3.4%ABC News: 0.7%Fundamental Attribution Error4.5%This article: 0.0%DAVID A. LIEB Associated Press: 0.0%ABC News: 0.1%Actor-Observer Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%DAVID A. LIEB Associated Press: 0.0%ABC News: 0.8%In-Group Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%DAVID A. LIEB Associated Press: 3.4%ABC News: 0.4%Out-Group Homogeneity Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%DAVID A. LIEB Associated Press: 0.0%ABC News: 2.2%Halo Effect0.0%This article: 0.0%DAVID A. LIEB Associated Press: 0.0%ABC News: 0.1%Horn Effect0.0%This article: 0.0%DAVID A. LIEB Associated Press: 0.0%ABC News: 0.0%Dunning-Kruger Effect0.0%This article: 0.0%DAVID A. LIEB Associated Press: 0.0%ABC News: 1.3%Recency Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%DAVID A. LIEB Associated Press: 0.0%ABC News: 0.4%Primacy Effect0.0%This article: 0.0%DAVID A. LIEB Associated Press: 0.0%ABC News: 0.1%Blind-Spot Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%DAVID A. LIEB Associated Press: 3.4%ABC News: 0.5%Ad Hominem0.0%This article: 0.0%DAVID A. LIEB Associated Press: 0.0%ABC News: 0.1%Straw Man0.0%This article: 2.2%DAVID A. LIEB Associated Press: 0.0%ABC News: 3.3%Appeal to Authority2.2%This article: 0.0%DAVID A. LIEB Associated Press: 0.0%ABC News: 0.9%False Dilemma0.0%This article: 0.0%DAVID A. LIEB Associated Press: 0.0%ABC News: 0.3%Slippery Slope0.0%This article: 0.0%DAVID A. LIEB Associated Press: 0.0%ABC News: 0.1%Circular Reasoning0.0%This article: 6.8%DAVID A. LIEB Associated Press: 6.8%ABC News: 2.8%Hasty Generalization6.8%This article: 0.0%DAVID A. LIEB Associated Press: 0.0%ABC News: 0.4%Red Herring0.0%This article: 0.0%DAVID A. LIEB Associated Press: 0.0%ABC News: 0.4%Bandwagon0.0%This article: 9.2%DAVID A. LIEB Associated Press: 11.8%ABC News: 4.3%Appeal to Emotion9.2%This article: 0.0%DAVID A. LIEB Associated Press: 0.0%ABC News: 0.7%Begging the Question0.0%This article: 10.3%DAVID A. LIEB Associated Press: 0.0%ABC News: 2.1%Post Hoc (False Cause)10.3%This article: 0.0%DAVID A. LIEB Associated Press: 0.0%ABC News: 0.0%Tu Quoque0.0%This article: 0.0%DAVID A. LIEB Associated Press: 0.0%ABC News: 0.4%Burden of Proof0.0%This article: 0.0%DAVID A. LIEB Associated Press: 0.0%ABC News: 0.1%Appeal to Nature0.0%This article: 0.0%DAVID A. LIEB Associated Press: 0.0%ABC News: 0.2%Composition/Division0.0%This article: 5.2%DAVID A. LIEB Associated Press: 0.0%ABC News: 1.2%Anecdotal5.2%This article: 0.0%DAVID A. LIEB Associated Press: 0.0%ABC News: 0.1%No True Scotsman0.0%This article: 3.0%DAVID A. LIEB Associated Press: 0.0%ABC News: 1.8%Ambiguity (Equivocation)3.0%This article: 0.0%DAVID A. LIEB Associated Press: 0.0%ABC News: 0.0%Gambler’s Fallacy0.0%This article: 0.0%DAVID A. LIEB Associated Press: 0.0%ABC News: 0.0%Middle Ground0.0%This article: 0.0%DAVID A. LIEB Associated Press: 0.0%ABC News: 0.0%Personal Incredulity0.0%This article: 0.0%DAVID A. LIEB Associated Press: 0.0%ABC News: 0.2%Special Pleading0.0%This article: 0.0%DAVID A. LIEB Associated Press: 0.0%ABC News: 0.1%Genetic Fallacy0.0%This article: 6.2%DAVID A. LIEB Associated Press: 0.0%ABC News: 1.9%Unattributed Quote6.2%This article: 3.7%DAVID A. LIEB Associated Press: 1.1%ABC News: 1.0%Quote-first Misdirection3.7%This article: 0.0%DAVID A. LIEB Associated Press: 0.0%ABC News: 3.1%Biased Writer Voice0.0%This article: 0.0%DAVID A. LIEB Associated Press: 0.0%ABC News: 0.6%Indoctrination0.0%This article: 0.0%DAVID A. LIEB Associated Press: 0.0%ABC News: 0.7%Politically Left Leaning Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%DAVID A. LIEB Associated Press: 0.0%ABC News: 0.2%Politically Right Leaning Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%DAVID A. LIEB Associated Press: 0.0%ABC News: 1.0%Attempt to Sell a Product or S…0.0%

600 words analyzed.

Speakers

1speaker6.8%attributed speech559writer words
Voice mapSelect a segment to jump to its words
Writer's voice • 7 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 39 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 29 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 12 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 11 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 22 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 6 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 12 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 23 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 30 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 1 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 22 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 13 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 37 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 13 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 9 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 19 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 24 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 27 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 23 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 5 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 28 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 14 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 31 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 14 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 24 words • 0.0% coverageAmerican Civil Liberties Union Voting Rights Project • 41 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 14 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 27 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 5 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 12 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 6 words • 0.0% coverage
100%flagged-word coverage
41 attributed words100% of attributed speech65% writer coverage
0%5.0%10.0%Unattributed Quote-6.6 ptsWriter: 6.6%American Civil Liberties Union Voting Rights Project: 0.0%0.0%Quote-first Misdirection-3.9 ptsWriter: 3.9%American Civil Liberties Union Voting Rights Project: 0.0%0.0%

Attribution is sentence-level. Pattern percentages are calculated only from words assigned to that voice.

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Analysis

Hover over highlighted words in the article to view the associated bias or fallacy analysis.