Author summary
99% 1 analyzed article/video 1,716 analyzed words
BS Summary: These Samuel Rubinstein results contain 40 faulty reasoning types, including Negativity Bias , Confirmation Bias , and Halo Effect , with Biased Writer Voice as the most egregious example at 26.3% saturation with 1,355 hits . Analysis detected 7,695 faulty-reasoning hits from 5,148 analyzed words across 1 article, generating a BS Score of 3.7% and a BS Rank of 72% (1,799 of 6,357 authors). This Samuel Rubinstein is worse (more manipulative) than 71.70% of the peer group. Samuel Rubinstein
Author details
Total words: 5,148
Article count: 1
Publications
Ranking context Position among analyzed authors
72% percentile 0 25 50 75 100 71.7% percentile 3.7% BS Score1 analyzed articles5.1K analyzed words
Reasoning profile Selected profile versus the sitewide rate
Highest rates Largest gaps
Shared scale 0–50%
0.0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% Framing Effect Sitewide 26.9% Author 3.0% 3.0% Biased Writer Voice Sitewide 5.3% Author 26.3% 26.3% Appeal to Emotion Sitewide 15.9% Author 7.2% 7.2% Negativity Bias Sitewide 19.2% Author 11.3% 11.3% Availability Heuristic Sitewide 9.1% Author 1.6% 1.6% Appeal to Authority Sitewide 11.1% Author 4.8% 4.8% Straw Man Sitewide 0.9% Author 6.0% 6.0% Ad Hominem Sitewide 2.2% Author 7.0% 7.0% Anecdotal Sitewide 5.2% Author 0.4% 0.4% Optimism Bias Sitewide 6.0% Author 1.9% 1.9% Sitewide departure map Above the diagonal means this profile uses the pattern more often
0.0% 0.0% 10% 10% 20% 20% 30% 30% 40% 40% 50% 50% Framing Effect: Author 3.0%, sitewide 26.9% Biased Writer Voice: Author 26.3%, sitewide 5.3% Negativity Bias: Author 11.3%, sitewide 19.2% Appeal to Emotion: Author 7.2%, sitewide 15.9% Appeal to Authority: Author 4.8%, sitewide 11.1% Confirmation Bias: Author 10.3%, sitewide 7.5% Availability Heuristic: Author 1.6%, sitewide 9.1% Halo Effect: Author 9.1%, sitewide 6.7% In-Group Bias: Author 8.3%, sitewide 6.9% Hasty Generalization: Author 5.7%, sitewide 8.1% Ad Hominem: Author 7.0%, sitewide 2.2% Straw Man: Author 6.0%, sitewide 0.9% Optimism Bias: Author 1.9%, sitewide 6.0% Representativeness Heuristic: Author 5.8%, sitewide 1.9% Anecdotal: Author 0.4%, sitewide 5.2% Post Hoc (False Cause): Author 5.0%, sitewide 3.3% Overconfidence Bias: Author 2.5%, sitewide 4.6% Fundamental Attribution Error: Author 3.4%, sitewide 2.7% Out-Group Homogeneity Bias: Author 3.3%, sitewide 3.1% Pessimism Bias: Author 3.0%, sitewide 1.9% False Dilemma: Author 2.9%, sitewide 1.5% Recency Bias: Author 0.7%, sitewide 2.7% Begging the Question: Author 2.5%, sitewide 1.7% Unattributed Quote: Author 2.4%, sitewide 1.1% Framing Effect Sitewide rate Author rate Analyzed articles and videos Sort by Most recent Article rank - best Article rank - worst