Author summary
79% 4 analyzed articles/videos 736 analyzed words
BS Summary: These Pam Key results contain 41 faulty reasoning types, including Negativity Bias , Hasty Generalization , and Framing Effect , with Appeal to Emotion as the most egregious example at 15.4% saturation with 521 hits . Analysis detected 4,322 faulty-reasoning hits from 3,384 analyzed words across 4 articles, generating a BS Score of 3.1% and a BS Rank of 62% (2,443 of 6,382 authors). This Pam Key is worse (more manipulative) than 61.70% of the peer group. Pam Key
Author details
Total words: 3,384
Article count: 4
Publications
Ranking context Position among analyzed authors
62% percentile 0 25 50 75 100 61.7% percentile 3.1% BS Score4 analyzed articles3.4K analyzed words
Reasoning profile Selected profile versus the sitewide rate
Highest rates Largest gaps
Shared scale 0–50%
0.0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% Framing Effect Sitewide 26.9% Author 7.8% 7.8% Negativity Bias Sitewide 19.2% Author 10.1% 10.1% Appeal to Authority Sitewide 11.1% Author 2.2% 2.2% Availability Heuristic Sitewide 9.1% Author 2.9% 2.9% Optimism Bias Sitewide 6.0% Author 1.1% 1.1% Confirmation Bias Sitewide 7.5% Author 2.7% 2.7% Politically Right Leaning… Sitewide 1.4% Author 6.2% 6.2% Quote-first Misdirection Sitewide 0.0% Author 4.2% 4.2% Halo Effect Sitewide 6.7% Author 2.8% 2.8% Indoctrination Sitewide 0.0% Author 3.7% 3.7% Sitewide departure map Above the diagonal means this profile uses the pattern more often
0.0% 0.0% 10% 10% 20% 20% 30% 30% 40% 40% 50% 50% Framing Effect: Author 7.8%, sitewide 26.9% Negativity Bias: Author 10.1%, sitewide 19.2% Appeal to Emotion: Author 15.4%, sitewide 15.9% Appeal to Authority: Author 2.2%, sitewide 11.1% Hasty Generalization: Author 9.4%, sitewide 8.1% Availability Heuristic: Author 2.9%, sitewide 9.1% Confirmation Bias: Author 2.7%, sitewide 7.5% In-Group Bias: Author 6.6%, sitewide 6.9% Halo Effect: Author 2.8%, sitewide 6.7% Politically Right Leaning Bias: Author 6.2%, sitewide 1.4% Optimism Bias: Author 1.1%, sitewide 6.0% Biased Writer Voice: Author 2.4%, sitewide 5.3% Anecdotal: Author 3.9%, sitewide 5.2% Overconfidence Bias: Author 3.5%, sitewide 4.6% Quote-first Misdirection: Author 4.2%, sitewide 0.0% Ad Hominem: Author 3.8%, sitewide 2.2% Indoctrination: Author 3.7%, sitewide 0.0% Self-Serving Bias: Author 2.4%, sitewide 3.7% Post Hoc (False Cause): Author 2.1%, sitewide 3.3% Out-Group Homogeneity Bias: Author 3.3%, sitewide 3.1% Pessimism Bias: Author 3.0%, sitewide 1.9% Begging the Question: Author 2.8%, sitewide 1.7% Fundamental Attribution Error: Author 1.5%, sitewide 2.7% Recency Bias: Author 1.7%, sitewide 2.7% Framing Effect Sitewide rate Author rate Analyzed articles and videos Sort by Most recent Article rank - best Article rank - worst