Gothamist76%

4 dead in Upper East Side Legionnaires’ disease outbreak 13%

By Phil Corso47%

7/20/2026, 11:54:12 PM

BS Summary: This article contains 10 faulty reasoning types, including Recency Bias, Unattributed Quote, and Confirmation Bias, with Negativity Bias as the most egregious example at 20.5% saturation with 30 hits. Analysis detected 181 faulty-reasoning hits from 146 analyzed words, generating a BS Score of 29.9% and a BS Rank of 13% (17,942 of 20,515 articles). This article is better (less manipulative) than 87.50% of the article peer group.

A fourth person has died in connection with the Legionnaires’ disease outbreak on Manhattan’s Upper East Side, city Health Commissioner Dr. 
Alister Martin said Monday. 
The outbreak has sickened at least 74 people. 
Martin said no new cases have been diagnosed since July 15 and the last person known to have developed symptoms did so more than a week ago. 
Health officials said those trends, along with emergency room surveillance data, suggest the source of exposure has likely been eliminated. 
The city is continuing to inspect cooling towers that tested positive for Legionella bacteria and enforce health regulations, officials said. 
The outbreak has affected ZIP codes 10028, 10075 and 10128, covering parts of Carnegie Hill and Yorkville. 
Legionnaires’ disease is a type of pneumonia caused by inhaling water vapor contaminated with Legionella bacteria. 
It is not contagious. 
Article reasoning-pattern comparisonThis article: 13.7%Phil Corso: 3.7%Gothamist: 2.7%Confirmation Bias13.7%This article: 0.0%Phil Corso: 0.0%Gothamist: 1.5%Anchoring Bias0.0%This article: 5.5%Phil Corso: 3.5%Gothamist: 3.6%Availability Heuristic5.5%This article: 11.6%Phil Corso: 1.2%Gothamist: 1.1%Representativeness Heuristic11.6%This article: 0.0%Phil Corso: 2.0%Gothamist: 0.7%Hindsight Bias0.0%This article: 13.7%Phil Corso: 1.0%Gothamist: 1.2%Overconfidence Bias13.7%This article: 6.2%Phil Corso: 5.7%Gothamist: 8.4%Framing Effect6.2%This article: 0.0%Phil Corso: 0.8%Gothamist: 1.2%Loss Aversion0.0%This article: 0.0%Phil Corso: 1.1%Gothamist: 1.1%Status Quo Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Phil Corso: 0.0%Gothamist: 0.2%Sunk Cost Effect0.0%This article: 0.0%Phil Corso: 3.1%Gothamist: 3.6%Optimism Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Phil Corso: 0.4%Gothamist: 1.7%Pessimism Bias0.0%This article: 20.5%Phil Corso: 5.5%Gothamist: 8.6%Negativity Bias20.5%This article: 0.0%Phil Corso: 5.8%Gothamist: 2.6%Self-Serving Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Phil Corso: 0.2%Gothamist: 1.0%Fundamental Attribution Error0.0%This article: 0.0%Phil Corso: 0.0%Gothamist: 0.3%Actor-Observer Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Phil Corso: 0.0%Gothamist: 2.1%In-Group Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Phil Corso: 0.0%Gothamist: 0.6%Out-Group Homogeneity Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Phil Corso: 1.4%Gothamist: 2.1%Halo Effect0.0%This article: 0.0%Phil Corso: 0.0%Gothamist: 0.2%Horn Effect0.0%This article: 0.0%Phil Corso: 0.0%Gothamist: 0.0%Dunning-Kruger Effect0.0%This article: 18.5%Phil Corso: 0.9%Gothamist: 1.3%Recency Bias18.5%This article: 0.0%Phil Corso: 1.1%Gothamist: 0.4%Primacy Effect0.0%This article: 0.0%Phil Corso: 0.0%Gothamist: 0.1%Blind-Spot Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Phil Corso: 0.0%Gothamist: 1.0%Ad Hominem0.0%This article: 0.0%Phil Corso: 0.0%Gothamist: 0.2%Straw Man0.0%This article: 0.0%Phil Corso: 4.5%Gothamist: 4.5%Appeal to Authority0.0%This article: 0.0%Phil Corso: 0.2%Gothamist: 1.2%False Dilemma0.0%This article: 0.0%Phil Corso: 0.0%Gothamist: 0.8%Slippery Slope0.0%This article: 0.0%Phil Corso: 0.0%Gothamist: 0.1%Circular Reasoning0.0%This article: 0.0%Phil Corso: 2.1%Gothamist: 3.8%Hasty Generalization0.0%This article: 0.0%Phil Corso: 0.5%Gothamist: 0.3%Red Herring0.0%This article: 0.0%Phil Corso: 1.5%Gothamist: 0.8%Bandwagon0.0%This article: 0.0%Phil Corso: 10.7%Gothamist: 6.4%Appeal to Emotion0.0%This article: 0.0%Phil Corso: 1.1%Gothamist: 0.7%Begging the Question0.0%This article: 13.7%Phil Corso: 5.6%Gothamist: 2.4%Post Hoc (False Cause)13.7%This article: 0.0%Phil Corso: 0.0%Gothamist: 0.1%Tu Quoque0.0%This article: 0.0%Phil Corso: 0.7%Gothamist: 0.4%Burden of Proof0.0%This article: 0.0%Phil Corso: 0.0%Gothamist: 0.2%Appeal to Nature0.0%This article: 0.0%Phil Corso: 0.0%Gothamist: 0.2%Composition/Division0.0%This article: 0.0%Phil Corso: 0.7%Gothamist: 2.8%Anecdotal0.0%This article: 0.0%Phil Corso: 0.0%Gothamist: 0.1%No True Scotsman0.0%This article: 0.0%Phil Corso: 0.9%Gothamist: 1.3%Ambiguity (Equivocation)0.0%This article: 0.0%Phil Corso: 0.0%Gothamist: 0.0%Gambler’s Fallacy0.0%This article: 0.0%Phil Corso: 0.3%Gothamist: 0.1%Middle Ground0.0%This article: 0.0%Phil Corso: 0.0%Gothamist: 0.1%Personal Incredulity0.0%This article: 0.0%Phil Corso: 0.0%Gothamist: 0.2%Special Pleading0.0%This article: 0.0%Phil Corso: 0.0%Gothamist: 0.2%Genetic Fallacy0.0%This article: 14.4%Phil Corso: 1.0%Gothamist: 1.2%Unattributed Quote14.4%This article: 0.0%Phil Corso: 2.0%Gothamist: 1.0%Quote-first Misdirection0.0%This article: 6.2%Phil Corso: 2.6%Gothamist: 3.2%Biased Writer Voice6.2%This article: 0.0%Phil Corso: 2.4%Gothamist: 1.6%Indoctrination0.0%This article: 0.0%Phil Corso: 0.0%Gothamist: 1.0%Politically Left Leaning Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Phil Corso: 0.0%Gothamist: 0.2%Politically Right Leaning Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Phil Corso: 0.4%Gothamist: 1.1%Attempt to Sell a Product or S…0.0%

146 words analyzed.

Speakers

1speaker21%attributed speech115writer words
Voice mapSelect a segment to jump to its words
Writer's voice • 9 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 21 words • 100.0% coverageAlister Martin • 4 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 8 words • 0.0% coverageAlister Martin • 27 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 20 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 20 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 17 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 16 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 4 words • 0.0% coverage
Selected voice

Alister Martin

87%flagged-word coverage
31 attributed words100% of attributed speech65% writer coverage
0%10.0%20.0%Unattributed Quote-18.3 ptsWriter: 18.3%Alister Martin: 0.0%0.0%Biased Writer Voice-7.8 ptsWriter: 7.8%Alister Martin: 0.0%0.0%

Attribution is sentence-level. Pattern percentages are calculated only from words assigned to that voice.

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Analysis

Hover over highlighted words in the article to view the associated bias or fallacy analysis.