The Myth of the Compact City: Why Compact Development Is Not the Way to Reduce Carbon Dioxide Emissions (Policy Analysis) 61%

By null null92%

11/17/2009, 9:00:00 PM

BS Summary: This article contains 19 faulty reasoning types, including Confirmation Bias, Biased Writer Voice, and False Dilemma, with Negativity Bias as the most egregious example at 40.2% saturation with 228 hits. Analysis detected 1,378 faulty-reasoning hits from 567 analyzed words, generating a BS Score of 56.8% and a BS Rank of 61% (8,581 of 21,887 articles). This article is worse (more manipulative) than 60.80% of the article peer group.

Proponents of compact development argue that rebuilding American urban areas to higher densities is vital for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. 
Compact city policies call for reducing driving by housing a higher percentage of people in multi-family and mixed-use developments, reducing the average lot sizes of single-family homes, redesigning streets and neighborhoods to be more pedestrian friendly, concentrating jobs in selected areas, and spending more on mass transit and less on highways. 
The Obama administration has endorsed these policies. 
Secretary of Transportation Ray LaHood and Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Shaun Donovan have agreed to require metropolitan areas to adopt compact-development policies or risk losing federal transportation and housing funds. 
LaHood has admitted that the goal of this program is to “coerce people out of their cars.” 
As such, compact-development policies represent a huge intrusion on private property rights, personal freedom, and mobility. 
They are also fraught with risks. 
Urban planners and economists are far from unanimous about whether such policies will reduce greenhouse gas emissions. 
Some even raise the possibility that compact city policies could increase emissions by increasing roadway congestion. 
Such reductions are insignificant compared with the huge costs that compact development would impose on the nation. 
These costs include reduced worker productivity, less affordable housing, increased traffic congestion, higher taxes or reduced urban services, and higher consumer costs. 
Those who believe we must reduce carbon emissions should reject compact development as expensive, risky, and distracting from tools, such as carbon taxes, that can have greater, more immediate, and more easily monitored effects on greenhouse gas emissions. 
Proponents of compact development argue that rebuilding American urban areas to higher densities is vital for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. 
Compact city policies call for reducing driving by housing a higher percentage of people in multi-family and mixed-use developments, reducing the average lot sizes of single-family homes, redesigning streets and neighborhoods to be more pedestrian friendly, concentrating jobs in selected areas, and spending more on mass transit and less on highways. 
The Obama administration has endorsed these policies. 
Secretary of Transportation Ray LaHood and Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Shaun Donovan have agreed to require metropolitan areas to adopt compact-development policies or risk losing federal transportation and housing funds. 
LaHood has admitted that the goal of this program is to “coerce people out of their cars.” 
As such, compact-development policies represent a huge intrusion on private property rights, personal freedom, and mobility. 
They are also fraught with risks. 
Urban planners and economists are far from unanimous about whether such policies will reduce greenhouse gas emissions. 
Some even raise the possibility that compact city policies could increase emissions by increasing roadway congestion. 
Such reductions are insignificant compared with the huge costs that compact development would impose on the nation. 
These costs include reduced worker productivity, less affordable housing, increased traffic congestion, higher taxes or reduced urban services, and higher consumer costs. 
Those who believe we must reduce carbon emissions should reject compact development as expensive, risky, and distracting from tools, such as carbon taxes, that can have greater, more immediate, and more easily monitored effects on greenhouse gas emissions. 
Randal O’Toole is a senior fellow with the Cato Institute and author of The Best-Laid Plans: How Government Planning Harms Your Quality of Life, Your Pocketbook, and Your Future. 
Article reasoning-pattern comparisonThis article: 28.2%null null: 9.7%The Daily Caller: 5.0%Confirmation Bias28.2%This article: 0.0%null null: 1.6%The Daily Caller: 0.7%Anchoring Bias0.0%This article: 6.0%null null: 6.4%The Daily Caller: 2.7%Availability Heuristic6.0%This article: 0.0%null null: 1.5%The Daily Caller: 0.8%Representativeness Heuristic0.0%This article: 0.0%null null: 0.1%The Daily Caller: 0.4%Hindsight Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%null null: 11.3%The Daily Caller: 3.3%Overconfidence Bias0.0%This article: 10.2%null null: 13.7%The Daily Caller: 10.4%Framing Effect10.2%This article: 6.0%null null: 3.5%The Daily Caller: 0.9%Loss Aversion6.0%This article: 0.0%null null: 2.1%The Daily Caller: 0.9%Status Quo Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%null null: 1.0%The Daily Caller: 0.1%Sunk Cost Effect0.0%This article: 0.0%null null: 8.2%The Daily Caller: 2.7%Optimism Bias0.0%This article: 7.8%null null: 4.4%The Daily Caller: 2.5%Pessimism Bias7.8%This article: 40.2%null null: 8.8%The Daily Caller: 8.2%Negativity Bias40.2%This article: 0.0%null null: 0.0%The Daily Caller: 1.2%Self-Serving Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%null null: 0.5%The Daily Caller: 0.9%Fundamental Attribution Error0.0%This article: 0.0%null null: 0.0%The Daily Caller: 0.1%Actor-Observer Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%null null: 0.6%The Daily Caller: 1.8%In-Group Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%null null: 0.1%The Daily Caller: 0.9%Out-Group Homogeneity Bias0.0%This article: 5.1%null null: 1.5%The Daily Caller: 1.6%Halo Effect5.1%This article: 0.0%null null: 0.0%The Daily Caller: 0.1%Horn Effect0.0%This article: 0.0%null null: 0.0%The Daily Caller: 0.0%Dunning-Kruger Effect0.0%This article: 0.0%null null: 0.7%The Daily Caller: 0.9%Recency Bias0.0%This article: 6.0%null null: 1.1%The Daily Caller: 0.6%Primacy Effect6.0%This article: 0.0%null null: 0.4%The Daily Caller: 0.2%Blind-Spot Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%null null: 0.6%The Daily Caller: 1.1%Ad Hominem0.0%This article: 7.1%null null: 4.0%The Daily Caller: 1.3%Straw Man7.1%This article: 7.6%null null: 5.7%The Daily Caller: 4.6%Appeal to Authority7.6%This article: 19.4%null null: 9.9%The Daily Caller: 2.9%False Dilemma19.4%This article: 0.0%null null: 5.0%The Daily Caller: 2.4%Slippery Slope0.0%This article: 0.0%null null: 0.3%The Daily Caller: 0.2%Circular Reasoning0.0%This article: 5.6%null null: 15.2%The Daily Caller: 6.3%Hasty Generalization5.6%This article: 0.0%null null: 0.0%The Daily Caller: 0.4%Red Herring0.0%This article: 0.0%null null: 0.4%The Daily Caller: 1.0%Bandwagon0.0%This article: 6.0%null null: 2.8%The Daily Caller: 5.7%Appeal to Emotion6.0%This article: 19.0%null null: 6.0%The Daily Caller: 2.1%Begging the Question19.0%This article: 0.0%null null: 2.4%The Daily Caller: 3.5%Post Hoc (False Cause)0.0%This article: 0.0%null null: 0.0%The Daily Caller: 0.1%Tu Quoque0.0%This article: 13.4%null null: 2.8%The Daily Caller: 0.9%Burden of Proof13.4%This article: 0.0%null null: 0.6%The Daily Caller: 0.2%Appeal to Nature0.0%This article: 0.0%null null: 0.4%The Daily Caller: 0.4%Composition/Division0.0%This article: 0.0%null null: 1.0%The Daily Caller: 1.5%Anecdotal0.0%This article: 0.0%null null: 0.0%The Daily Caller: 0.0%No True Scotsman0.0%This article: 0.0%null null: 3.0%The Daily Caller: 1.9%Ambiguity (Equivocation)0.0%This article: 0.0%null null: 0.0%The Daily Caller: 0.0%Gambler’s Fallacy0.0%This article: 0.0%null null: 0.4%The Daily Caller: 0.2%Middle Ground0.0%This article: 0.0%null null: 0.1%The Daily Caller: 0.1%Personal Incredulity0.0%This article: 0.0%null null: 0.2%The Daily Caller: 0.2%Special Pleading0.0%This article: 0.0%null null: 0.1%The Daily Caller: 0.1%Genetic Fallacy0.0%This article: 0.0%null null: 1.6%The Daily Caller: 2.2%Unattributed Quote0.0%This article: 6.0%null null: 2.6%The Daily Caller: 1.8%Quote-first Misdirection6.0%This article: 22.6%null null: 16.2%The Daily Caller: 8.5%Biased Writer Voice22.6%This article: 13.4%null null: 12.7%The Daily Caller: 3.6%Indoctrination13.4%This article: 0.0%null null: 0.0%The Daily Caller: 0.3%Politically Left Leaning Bias0.0%This article: 13.4%null null: 13.7%The Daily Caller: 5.0%Politically Right Leaning Bias13.4%This article: 0.0%null null: 0.9%The Daily Caller: 1.3%Attempt to Sell a Product or S…0.0%

567 words analyzed.

Speakers

1speaker6.0%attributed speech533writer words
Voice mapSelect a segment to jump to its words
Writer's voice • 20 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 20 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 51 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 7 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 32 words • 0.0% coverageRay LaHood • 17 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 16 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 6 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 17 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 16 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 17 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 22 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 38 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 20 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 51 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 7 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 32 words • 0.0% coverageRay LaHood • 17 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 16 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 6 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 17 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 16 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 17 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 22 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 38 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 29 words • 0.0% coverage
Selected voice

Ray LaHood

100%flagged-word coverage
34 attributed words100% of attributed speech69% writer coverage
0%50.0%100.0%Quote-first Misdirection+100.0 ptsWriter: 0.0%Ray LaHood: 100.0%100.0%Biased Writer Voice-24.0 ptsWriter: 24.0%Ray LaHood: 0.0%0.0%Indoctrination-14.3 ptsWriter: 14.3%Ray LaHood: 0.0%0.0%Politically Right Leaning -14.3 ptsWriter: 14.3%Ray LaHood: 0.0%0.0%

Attribution is sentence-level. Pattern percentages are calculated only from words assigned to that voice.

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Analysis

Hover over highlighted words in the article to view the associated bias or fallacy analysis.