Topic summary
⁠0%1 analyzed article/video77 analyzed words
BS Summary: These Philadelphia (city) results contain 13 faulty reasoning types, including Biased Writer Voice, Framing Effect, and Appeal to Authority, with Negativity Bias as the most egregious example at 39% saturation with 120 hits. Analysis detected 647 faulty-reasoning hits from 308 analyzed words across 1 article, generating a BS Score of 16.2% and a BS Rank of ⁠98% (445 of 16,562 topics). This Philadelphia (city) is worse (more manipulative) than 97.30% of the peer group.
Philadelphia (city)
Topic details
Total words: 308
Article count: 1
Authors

Ranking context

Position among analyzed topics

97% percentile
025507510097.3% percentile
16.2% BS Score1 analyzed articles308 analyzed words

Reasoning profile

Selected profile versus the sitewide rate

TopicSitewideShared scale 0–50%
0.0%10%20%30%40%50%Biased Writer VoiceSitewide 5.3%Topic 34.4%34.4%Negativity BiasSitewide 19.2%Topic 39.0%39.0%Primacy EffectSitewide 0.9%Topic 13.0%13.0%False DilemmaSitewide 1.5%Topic 13.0%13.0%Framing EffectSitewide 26.9%Topic 34.4%34.4%Appeal to EmotionSitewide 15.9%Topic 8.4%8.4%Ambiguity (Equivocation)Sitewide 0.8%Topic 7.8%7.8%Unattributed QuoteSitewide 1.1%Topic 7.8%7.8%Optimism BiasSitewide 6.0%Topic 12.7%12.7%Appeal to AuthoritySitewide 11.1%Topic 15.6%15.6%

Sitewide departure map

Above the diagonal means this profile uses the pattern more often

0.0%0.0%10%10%20%20%30%30%40%40%50%50%Negativity Bias: Topic 39.0%, sitewide 19.2%Biased Writer Voice: Topic 34.4%, sitewide 5.3%Framing Effect: Topic 34.4%, sitewide 26.9%Appeal to Emotion: Topic 8.4%, sitewide 15.9%Appeal to Authority: Topic 15.6%, sitewide 11.1%False Dilemma: Topic 13.0%, sitewide 1.5%Primacy Effect: Topic 13.0%, sitewide 0.9%Optimism Bias: Topic 12.7%, sitewide 6.0%Hasty Generalization: Topic 8.4%, sitewide 8.1%Ambiguity (Equivocation): Topic 7.8%, sitewide 0.8%Anchoring Bias: Topic 7.8%, sitewide 4.0%Confirmation Bias: Topic 7.8%, sitewide 7.5%Unattributed Quote: Topic 7.8%, sitewide 1.1%Negativity BiasSitewide rateTopic rate

Analyzed articles and videos