Topic summary
⁠9%1 analyzed article/video1,120 analyzed words
BS Summary: These City Infrastructure results contain 22 faulty reasoning types, including Availability Heuristic, Anecdotal, and Biased Writer Voice, with Optimism Bias as the most egregious example at 9.2% saturation with 411 hits. Analysis detected 1,278 faulty-reasoning hits from 4,480 analyzed words across 1 article, generating a BS Score of 1.3% and a BS Rank of ⁠12% (20,393 of 23,050 topics). This City Infrastructure is better (less manipulative) than 88.50% of the peer group.
City Infrastructure
Topic details
Total words: 4,480
Article count: 1
Authors

Ranking context

Position among analyzed topics

12% percentile
025507510011.5% percentile
1.3% BS Score1 analyzed articles4.5K analyzed words

Reasoning profile

Selected profile versus the sitewide rate

TopicSitewideShared scale 0–50%
0.0%10%20%30%40%50%Framing EffectSitewide 26.9%Topic 1.4%1.4%Negativity BiasSitewide 19.2%Topic 0.4%0.4%Appeal to EmotionSitewide 15.9%Topic 0.5%0.5%Appeal to AuthoritySitewide 11.1%Topic 1.2%1.2%Hasty GeneralizationSitewide 8.1%Topic 1.1%1.1%Confirmation BiasSitewide 7.5%Topic 1.0%1.0%Halo EffectSitewide 6.7%Topic 0.6%0.6%Availability HeuristicSitewide 9.1%Topic 3.0%3.0%Overconfidence BiasSitewide 4.6%Topic 0.9%0.9%Biased Writer VoiceSitewide 5.3%Topic 1.8%1.8%

Sitewide departure map

Above the diagonal means this profile uses the pattern more often

0.0%0.0%10%10%20%20%30%30%40%40%50%50%Framing Effect: Topic 1.4%, sitewide 26.9%Negativity Bias: Topic 0.4%, sitewide 19.2%Appeal to Emotion: Topic 0.5%, sitewide 15.9%Appeal to Authority: Topic 1.2%, sitewide 11.1%Optimism Bias: Topic 9.2%, sitewide 6.0%Availability Heuristic: Topic 3.0%, sitewide 9.1%Hasty Generalization: Topic 1.1%, sitewide 8.1%Confirmation Bias: Topic 1.0%, sitewide 7.5%Halo Effect: Topic 0.6%, sitewide 6.7%Biased Writer Voice: Topic 1.8%, sitewide 5.3%Anecdotal: Topic 2.7%, sitewide 5.2%Overconfidence Bias: Topic 0.9%, sitewide 4.6%Anchoring Bias: Topic 0.9%, sitewide 4.0%Self-Serving Bias: Topic 0.7%, sitewide 3.7%Post Hoc (False Cause): Topic 0.3%, sitewide 3.3%Fundamental Attribution Error: Topic 0.3%, sitewide 2.7%Representativeness Heuristic: Topic 0.5%, sitewide 1.9%Pessimism Bias: Topic 0.1%, sitewide 1.9%Hindsight Bias: Topic 0.3%, sitewide 1.4%Attempt to Sell a Product or Service: Topic 0.9%, sitewide 0.5%Quote-first Misdirection: Topic 0.5%, sitewide 0.0%Blind-Spot Bias: Topic 0.4%, sitewide 0.2%Framing EffectSitewide rateTopic rate

Analyzed articles and videos