Topic summary
⁠0%1 analyzed article/video675 analyzed words
BS Summary: These City Incorporation results contain 20 faulty reasoning types, including Loss Aversion, Anecdotal, and Optimism Bias, with Appeal to Emotion as the most egregious example at 5.1% saturation with 139 hits. Analysis detected 1,340 faulty-reasoning hits from 2,700 analyzed words across 1 article, generating a BS Score of 2.5% and a BS Rank of ⁠39% (10,140 of 16,562 topics). This City Incorporation is better (less manipulative) than 61.20% of the peer group.
City Incorporation
Topic details
Total words: 2,700
Article count: 1
Authors

Ranking context

Position among analyzed topics

39% percentile
025507510038.8% percentile
2.5% BS Score1 analyzed articles2.7K analyzed words

Reasoning profile

Selected profile versus the sitewide rate

TopicSitewideShared scale 0–50%
0.0%10%20%30%40%50%Framing EffectSitewide 26.9%Topic 1.8%1.8%Negativity BiasSitewide 19.2%Topic 3.5%3.5%Appeal to EmotionSitewide 15.9%Topic 5.2%5.2%Halo EffectSitewide 6.7%Topic 0.5%0.5%Hasty GeneralizationSitewide 8.1%Topic 2.2%2.2%Availability HeuristicSitewide 9.1%Topic 3.7%3.7%Confirmation BiasSitewide 7.5%Topic 2.3%2.3%In-Group BiasSitewide 6.9%Topic 2.6%2.6%Overconfidence BiasSitewide 4.6%Topic 0.6%0.6%Loss AversionSitewide 2.5%Topic 4.9%4.9%

Sitewide departure map

Above the diagonal means this profile uses the pattern more often

0.0%0.0%10%10%20%20%30%30%40%40%50%50%Framing Effect: Topic 1.8%, sitewide 26.9%Negativity Bias: Topic 3.5%, sitewide 19.2%Appeal to Emotion: Topic 5.2%, sitewide 15.9%Availability Heuristic: Topic 3.7%, sitewide 9.1%Hasty Generalization: Topic 2.2%, sitewide 8.1%Confirmation Bias: Topic 2.3%, sitewide 7.5%In-Group Bias: Topic 2.6%, sitewide 6.9%Halo Effect: Topic 0.5%, sitewide 6.7%Optimism Bias: Topic 4.3%, sitewide 6.0%Anecdotal: Topic 4.4%, sitewide 5.2%Loss Aversion: Topic 4.9%, sitewide 2.5%Overconfidence Bias: Topic 0.6%, sitewide 4.6%Self-Serving Bias: Topic 1.9%, sitewide 3.7%Status Quo Bias: Topic 2.7%, sitewide 2.2%Bandwagon: Topic 2.7%, sitewide 2.2%Representativeness Heuristic: Topic 2.0%, sitewide 1.9%False Dilemma: Topic 1.8%, sitewide 1.5%Ambiguity (Equivocation): Topic 1.0%, sitewide 0.8%Quote-first Misdirection: Topic 1.0%, sitewide 0.0%Indoctrination: Topic 0.5%, sitewide 0.0%Framing EffectSitewide rateTopic rate

Analyzed articles and videos