Author summary
0% 2 analyzed articles/videos 6,360 analyzed words
BS Summary: These Paul Kiel results contain 49 faulty reasoning types, including Framing Effect , Biased Writer Voice , and Confirmation Bias , with Negativity Bias as the most egregious example at 8.5% saturation with 2,150 hits . Analysis detected 16,818 faulty-reasoning hits from 25,440 analyzed words across 2 articles, generating a BS Score of 1.3% and a BS Rank of 8% (5,760 of 6,228 authors). This Paul Kiel is better (less manipulative) than 92.50% of the peer group. Paul Kiel
Author details
Total words: 25,440
Article count: 2
Publications
Ranking context Position among analyzed authors
8% percentile 0 25 50 75 100 7.5% percentile 1.3% BS Score2 analyzed articles25.4K analyzed words
Reasoning profile Selected profile versus the sitewide rate
Highest rates Largest gaps
Shared scale 0–50%
0.0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% Framing Effect Sitewide 26.9% Author 7.2% 7.2% Appeal to Emotion Sitewide 15.9% Author 2.3% 2.3% Negativity Bias Sitewide 19.2% Author 8.4% 8.4% Appeal to Authority Sitewide 11.1% Author 3.3% 3.3% Availability Heuristic Sitewide 9.1% Author 1.9% 1.9% In-Group Bias Sitewide 6.9% Author 0.1% 0.1% Halo Effect Sitewide 6.7% Author 0.6% 0.6% Optimism Bias Sitewide 6.0% Author 0.1% 0.1% Hasty Generalization Sitewide 8.1% Author 3.6% 3.6% Anecdotal Sitewide 5.2% Author 1.1% 1.1% Sitewide departure map Above the diagonal means this profile uses the pattern more often
0.0% 0.0% 10% 10% 20% 20% 30% 30% 40% 40% 50% 50% Framing Effect: Author 7.2%, sitewide 26.9% Negativity Bias: Author 8.4%, sitewide 19.2% Appeal to Emotion: Author 2.3%, sitewide 15.9% Appeal to Authority: Author 3.3%, sitewide 11.1% Availability Heuristic: Author 1.9%, sitewide 9.1% Hasty Generalization: Author 3.6%, sitewide 8.1% Confirmation Bias: Author 4.8%, sitewide 7.5% In-Group Bias: Author 0.1%, sitewide 6.9% Halo Effect: Author 0.6%, sitewide 6.7% Optimism Bias: Author 0.1%, sitewide 6.0% Biased Writer Voice: Author 5.2%, sitewide 5.3% Anecdotal: Author 1.1%, sitewide 5.2% Overconfidence Bias: Author 1.7%, sitewide 4.6% Anchoring Bias: Author 0.9%, sitewide 4.0% Self-Serving Bias: Author 1.1%, sitewide 3.7% Post Hoc (False Cause): Author 3.3%, sitewide 3.3% Ambiguity (Equivocation): Author 3.2%, sitewide 0.8% Out-Group Homogeneity Bias: Author 0.2%, sitewide 3.1% Fundamental Attribution Error: Author 0.8%, sitewide 2.7% Recency Bias: Author 1.2%, sitewide 2.7% Loss Aversion: Author 0.8%, sitewide 2.5% Bandwagon: Author 0.3%, sitewide 2.2% Status Quo Bias: Author 0.5%, sitewide 2.2% Ad Hominem: Author 1.2%, sitewide 2.2% Framing Effect Sitewide rate Author rate Analyzed articles and videos Sort by Most recent Article rank - best Article rank - worst