Author summary
26% 1 analyzed article/video 2,214 analyzed words
BS Summary: These Michael Marshall results contain 33 faulty reasoning types, including Hasty Generalization , Post Hoc (False Cause) , and Availability Heuristic , with Negativity Bias as the most egregious example at 7.1% saturation with 472 hits . Analysis detected 3,289 faulty-reasoning hits from 6,642 analyzed words across 1 article, generating a BS Score of 1.5% and a BS Rank of 13% (5,474 of 6,244 authors). This Michael Marshall is better (less manipulative) than 87.70% of the peer group. Michael Marshall
Author details
Total words: 6,642
Article count: 1
Publications
Ranking context Position among analyzed authors
12% percentile 0 25 50 75 100 12.3% percentile 1.5% BS Score1 analyzed articles6.6K analyzed words
Reasoning profile Selected profile versus the sitewide rate
Highest rates Largest gaps
Shared scale 0–50%
0.0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% Framing Effect Sitewide 26.9% Author 1.6% 1.6% Appeal to Emotion Sitewide 15.9% Author 1.9% 1.9% Negativity Bias Sitewide 19.2% Author 7.1% 7.1% Appeal to Authority Sitewide 11.1% Author 2.7% 2.7% Confirmation Bias Sitewide 7.5% Author 1.0% 1.0% In-Group Bias Sitewide 6.9% Author 0.8% 0.8% Availability Heuristic Sitewide 9.1% Author 3.7% 3.7% Overconfidence Bias Sitewide 4.6% Author 0.1% 0.1% Optimism Bias Sitewide 6.0% Author 2.3% 2.3% Self-Serving Bias Sitewide 3.7% Author 0.4% 0.4% Sitewide departure map Above the diagonal means this profile uses the pattern more often
0.0% 0.0% 10% 10% 20% 20% 30% 30% 40% 40% 50% 50% Framing Effect: Author 1.6%, sitewide 26.9% Negativity Bias: Author 7.1%, sitewide 19.2% Appeal to Emotion: Author 1.9%, sitewide 15.9% Appeal to Authority: Author 2.7%, sitewide 11.1% Availability Heuristic: Author 3.7%, sitewide 9.1% Hasty Generalization: Author 5.7%, sitewide 8.1% Confirmation Bias: Author 1.0%, sitewide 7.5% In-Group Bias: Author 0.8%, sitewide 6.9% Halo Effect: Author 3.6%, sitewide 6.7% Optimism Bias: Author 2.3%, sitewide 6.0% Anecdotal: Author 2.7%, sitewide 5.2% Overconfidence Bias: Author 0.1%, sitewide 4.6% Post Hoc (False Cause): Author 4.4%, sitewide 3.3% Self-Serving Bias: Author 0.4%, sitewide 3.7% Fundamental Attribution Error: Author 1.0%, sitewide 2.7% Recency Bias: Author 1.2%, sitewide 2.7% Bandwagon: Author 0.6%, sitewide 2.2% Politically Left Leaning Bias: Author 0.5%, sitewide 2.0% Representativeness Heuristic: Author 1.3%, sitewide 1.9% Pessimism Bias: Author 0.8%, sitewide 1.9% Begging the Question: Author 0.9%, sitewide 1.7% False Dilemma: Author 0.6%, sitewide 1.5% Hindsight Bias: Author 0.3%, sitewide 1.4% Politically Right Leaning Bias: Author 0.4%, sitewide 1.4% Framing Effect Sitewide rate Author rate Analyzed articles and videos Sort by Most recent Article rank - best Article rank - worst