Author summary
6% 3 analyzed articles/videos 3,641 analyzed words
BS Summary: These Michael Kugelman results contain 37 faulty reasoning types, including Framing Effect , Hasty Generalization , and Appeal to Authority , with Negativity Bias as the most egregious example at 5.4% saturation with 945 hits . Analysis detected 6,635 faulty-reasoning hits from 17,640 analyzed words across 3 articles, generating a BS Score of 1% and a BS Rank of 2% (6,238 of 6,334 authors). This Michael Kugelman is better (less manipulative) than 98.50% of the peer group. Michael Kugelman
Author details
Total words: 17,640
Article count: 3
Publications
Ranking context Position among analyzed authors
2% percentile 0 25 50 75 100 1.5% percentile 1.0% BS Score3 analyzed articles17.6K analyzed words
Reasoning profile Selected profile versus the sitewide rate
Highest rates Largest gaps
Shared scale 0–50%
0.0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% Framing Effect Sitewide 26.9% Author 3.9% 3.9% Appeal to Emotion Sitewide 15.9% Author 1.9% 1.9% Negativity Bias Sitewide 19.2% Author 5.4% 5.4% Appeal to Authority Sitewide 11.1% Author 2.9% 2.9% Availability Heuristic Sitewide 9.1% Author 1.6% 1.6% In-Group Bias Sitewide 6.9% Author 0.4% 0.4% Halo Effect Sitewide 6.7% Author 0.4% 0.4% Confirmation Bias Sitewide 7.5% Author 1.5% 1.5% Optimism Bias Sitewide 6.0% Author 0.9% 0.9% Anecdotal Sitewide 5.2% Author 0.2% 0.2% Sitewide departure map Above the diagonal means this profile uses the pattern more often
0.0% 0.0% 10% 10% 20% 20% 30% 30% 40% 40% 50% 50% Framing Effect: Author 3.9%, sitewide 26.9% Negativity Bias: Author 5.4%, sitewide 19.2% Appeal to Emotion: Author 1.9%, sitewide 15.9% Appeal to Authority: Author 2.9%, sitewide 11.1% Availability Heuristic: Author 1.6%, sitewide 9.1% Hasty Generalization: Author 3.4%, sitewide 8.1% Confirmation Bias: Author 1.5%, sitewide 7.5% In-Group Bias: Author 0.4%, sitewide 6.9% Halo Effect: Author 0.4%, sitewide 6.7% Optimism Bias: Author 0.9%, sitewide 6.0% Biased Writer Voice: Author 2.6%, sitewide 5.3% Anecdotal: Author 0.2%, sitewide 5.2% Overconfidence Bias: Author 0.5%, sitewide 4.6% Anchoring Bias: Author 0.3%, sitewide 4.0% Self-Serving Bias: Author 0.1%, sitewide 3.7% Post Hoc (False Cause): Author 2.1%, sitewide 3.3% Out-Group Homogeneity Bias: Author 0.5%, sitewide 3.1% Fundamental Attribution Error: Author 1.1%, sitewide 2.7% Recency Bias: Author 0.9%, sitewide 2.7% Bandwagon: Author 0.0%, sitewide 2.2% Status Quo Bias: Author 0.3%, sitewide 2.2% Ad Hominem: Author 0.3%, sitewide 2.2% Politically Left Leaning Bias: Author 0.1%, sitewide 2.0% Representativeness Heuristic: Author 0.2%, sitewide 1.9% Framing Effect Sitewide rate Author rate Analyzed articles and videos Sort by Most recent Article rank - best Article rank - worst