Author summary
0% 1 analyzed article/video
BS Summary: These Alexandra Topping results contain 30 faulty reasoning types, including Negativity Bias , False Dilemma , and Slippery Slope , with Appeal to Emotion as the most egregious example at 15.8% saturation with 539 hits . Analysis detected 3,032 faulty-reasoning hits from 3,402 analyzed words across 1 article, generating a BS Score of 0% and a BS Rank of 0% (0 of 6,171 authors). This Alexandra Topping is better (less manipulative) than 100.00% of the peer group. Alexandra Topping
Author details
Total words: 3,402
Article count: 1
Publications
Ranking context Position among analyzed authors
0% percentile 0 25 50 75 100 0.0% percentile 0.0% BS Score1 analyzed articles3.4K analyzed words
Reasoning profile Selected profile versus the sitewide rate
Highest rates Largest gaps
Shared scale 0–50%
0.0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% Framing Effect Sitewide 26.9% Author 3.6% 3.6% Appeal to Authority Sitewide 11.1% Author 3.4% 3.4% False Dilemma Sitewide 1.5% Author 8.0% 8.0% Hasty Generalization Sitewide 8.1% Author 2.7% 2.7% Availability Heuristic Sitewide 9.1% Author 3.8% 3.8% Negativity Bias Sitewide 19.2% Author 14.0% 14.0% Biased Writer Voice Sitewide 5.3% Author 0.4% 0.4% Optimism Bias Sitewide 6.0% Author 2.3% 2.3% Slippery Slope Sitewide 1.7% Author 5.4% 5.4% Confirmation Bias Sitewide 7.5% Author 4.6% 4.6% Sitewide departure map Above the diagonal means this profile uses the pattern more often
0.0% 0.0% 10% 10% 20% 20% 30% 30% 40% 40% 50% 50% Framing Effect: Author 3.6%, sitewide 26.9% Negativity Bias: Author 14.0%, sitewide 19.2% Appeal to Emotion: Author 15.8%, sitewide 15.9% Appeal to Authority: Author 3.4%, sitewide 11.1% Availability Heuristic: Author 3.8%, sitewide 9.1% Hasty Generalization: Author 2.7%, sitewide 8.1% False Dilemma: Author 8.0%, sitewide 1.5% Confirmation Bias: Author 4.6%, sitewide 7.5% Optimism Bias: Author 2.3%, sitewide 6.0% Slippery Slope: Author 5.4%, sitewide 1.7% Biased Writer Voice: Author 0.4%, sitewide 5.3% Overconfidence Bias: Author 1.7%, sitewide 4.6% Pessimism Bias: Author 3.8%, sitewide 1.9% Self-Serving Bias: Author 1.5%, sitewide 3.7% Post Hoc (False Cause): Author 0.9%, sitewide 3.3% Recency Bias: Author 1.4%, sitewide 2.7% Loss Aversion: Author 0.8%, sitewide 2.5% Bandwagon: Author 0.4%, sitewide 2.2% Ad Hominem: Author 0.8%, sitewide 2.2% Representativeness Heuristic: Author 1.1%, sitewide 1.9% Hindsight Bias: Author 1.9%, sitewide 1.4% Burden of Proof: Author 1.8%, sitewide 0.4% Begging the Question: Author 1.7%, sitewide 1.7% Ambiguity (Equivocation): Author 1.5%, sitewide 0.8% Framing Effect Sitewide rate Author rate Analyzed articles and videos Sort by Most recent Article rank - best Article rank - worst