Missouri bill would help drivers who have difficulties communicating with police ⁠36%

By Lilley Halloran⁠0%

4/19/2026, 2:00:00 AM

BS Summary: This article contains 17 faulty reasoning types, including Anecdotal, Appeal to Authority, and Burden of Proof, with Optimism Bias as the most egregious example at 18.8% saturation with 42 hits. Analysis detected 419 faulty-reasoning hits from 223 analyzed words, generating a BS Score of 42.7% and a BS Rank of ⁠36% (14,198 of 21,887 articles). This article is better (less manipulative) than 64.90% of the article peer group.

Missourians may soon be able to get designations connected to their driver's license and license plates indicating they have limited ability to communicate with police officers. 
The House unanimously passed legislation Thursday to create a designation that shows up when officers look up a driver's records. 
The designation would not be physically displayed to protect the driver's privacy, said Rep. 
Chris Brown, R-Kansas City, who sponsored the bill. 
Brown said the designation is designed for people with disabilities or mental and physical health conditions. 
He backed the legislation in honor of a family friend who is autistic and once upset a police officer by taking too long to pull over. 
"His anxiety overtook him," Brown said. 
"He had his hands locked on the steering wheel and all he could say was, 'I don't want to go to jail.'" 
Brown added: "At the very least, that officer is going to understand that, 'Hey, we may have somebody here that's not going to react in a way that most people react.' 
Just some level of awareness, a little bit of a heads-up." 
A doctor must certify the condition. 
Family members would also be able to apply for the designation on behalf of a parent, child or spouse. 
HB 3175 now goes to the Senate. 
Article reasoning-pattern comparisonThis article: 0.0%Lilley Halloran: 1.9%Columbia Missourian: 1.7%Confirmation Bias0.0%This article: 11.7%Lilley Halloran: 0.6%Columbia Missourian: 0.8%Anchoring Bias11.7%This article: 11.7%Lilley Halloran: 3.6%Columbia Missourian: 2.7%Availability Heuristic11.7%This article: 7.2%Lilley Halloran: 0.7%Columbia Missourian: 0.9%Representativeness Heuristic7.2%This article: 0.0%Lilley Halloran: 0.3%Columbia Missourian: 0.4%Hindsight Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Lilley Halloran: 1.9%Columbia Missourian: 1.3%Overconfidence Bias0.0%This article: 9.9%Lilley Halloran: 5.6%Columbia Missourian: 5.5%Framing Effect9.9%This article: 0.0%Lilley Halloran: 1.8%Columbia Missourian: 1.0%Loss Aversion0.0%This article: 6.3%Lilley Halloran: 1.3%Columbia Missourian: 0.7%Status Quo Bias6.3%This article: 0.0%Lilley Halloran: 0.2%Columbia Missourian: 0.3%Sunk Cost Effect0.0%This article: 18.8%Lilley Halloran: 3.8%Columbia Missourian: 4.5%Optimism Bias18.8%This article: 0.0%Lilley Halloran: 3.1%Columbia Missourian: 1.6%Pessimism Bias0.0%This article: 9.9%Lilley Halloran: 6.2%Columbia Missourian: 5.4%Negativity Bias9.9%This article: 11.7%Lilley Halloran: 2.3%Columbia Missourian: 1.7%Self-Serving Bias11.7%This article: 0.0%Lilley Halloran: 0.4%Columbia Missourian: 0.6%Fundamental Attribution Error0.0%This article: 0.0%Lilley Halloran: 0.2%Columbia Missourian: 0.2%Actor-Observer Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Lilley Halloran: 1.4%Columbia Missourian: 1.6%In-Group Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Lilley Halloran: 0.5%Columbia Missourian: 0.4%Out-Group Homogeneity Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Lilley Halloran: 0.5%Columbia Missourian: 2.4%Halo Effect0.0%This article: 0.0%Lilley Halloran: 0.0%Columbia Missourian: 0.0%Horn Effect0.0%This article: 0.0%Lilley Halloran: 0.0%Columbia Missourian: 0.0%Dunning-Kruger Effect0.0%This article: 0.0%Lilley Halloran: 0.7%Columbia Missourian: 0.9%Recency Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Lilley Halloran: 0.2%Columbia Missourian: 0.3%Primacy Effect0.0%This article: 0.0%Lilley Halloran: 0.0%Columbia Missourian: 0.0%Blind-Spot Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Lilley Halloran: 0.8%Columbia Missourian: 0.5%Ad Hominem0.0%This article: 0.0%Lilley Halloran: 0.7%Columbia Missourian: 0.2%Straw Man0.0%This article: 16.1%Lilley Halloran: 3.0%Columbia Missourian: 2.9%Appeal to Authority16.1%This article: 0.0%Lilley Halloran: 1.7%Columbia Missourian: 1.1%False Dilemma0.0%This article: 0.0%Lilley Halloran: 2.4%Columbia Missourian: 1.0%Slippery Slope0.0%This article: 0.0%Lilley Halloran: 0.2%Columbia Missourian: 0.1%Circular Reasoning0.0%This article: 0.0%Lilley Halloran: 4.4%Columbia Missourian: 3.6%Hasty Generalization0.0%This article: 0.0%Lilley Halloran: 0.4%Columbia Missourian: 0.2%Red Herring0.0%This article: 9.0%Lilley Halloran: 0.6%Columbia Missourian: 0.7%Bandwagon9.0%This article: 12.6%Lilley Halloran: 10.4%Columbia Missourian: 5.2%Appeal to Emotion12.6%This article: 0.0%Lilley Halloran: 0.8%Columbia Missourian: 0.6%Begging the Question0.0%This article: 0.0%Lilley Halloran: 2.7%Columbia Missourian: 2.0%Post Hoc (False Cause)0.0%This article: 0.0%Lilley Halloran: 0.1%Columbia Missourian: 0.0%Tu Quoque0.0%This article: 13.9%Lilley Halloran: 0.8%Columbia Missourian: 0.4%Burden of Proof13.9%This article: 0.0%Lilley Halloran: 0.6%Columbia Missourian: 0.2%Appeal to Nature0.0%This article: 0.0%Lilley Halloran: 0.1%Columbia Missourian: 0.2%Composition/Division0.0%This article: 16.6%Lilley Halloran: 3.0%Columbia Missourian: 2.6%Anecdotal16.6%This article: 0.0%Lilley Halloran: 0.0%Columbia Missourian: 0.1%No True Scotsman0.0%This article: 13.9%Lilley Halloran: 1.9%Columbia Missourian: 1.3%Ambiguity (Equivocation)13.9%This article: 0.0%Lilley Halloran: 0.0%Columbia Missourian: 0.0%Gambler’s Fallacy0.0%This article: 0.0%Lilley Halloran: 0.3%Columbia Missourian: 0.1%Middle Ground0.0%This article: 0.0%Lilley Halloran: 0.1%Columbia Missourian: 0.1%Personal Incredulity0.0%This article: 0.0%Lilley Halloran: 0.0%Columbia Missourian: 0.1%Special Pleading0.0%This article: 0.0%Lilley Halloran: 0.1%Columbia Missourian: 0.1%Genetic Fallacy0.0%This article: 6.3%Lilley Halloran: 0.6%Columbia Missourian: 0.8%Unattributed Quote6.3%This article: 2.7%Lilley Halloran: 1.6%Columbia Missourian: 0.7%Quote-first Misdirection2.7%This article: 0.0%Lilley Halloran: 1.0%Columbia Missourian: 2.9%Biased Writer Voice0.0%This article: 9.9%Lilley Halloran: 0.9%Columbia Missourian: 1.3%Indoctrination9.9%This article: 0.0%Lilley Halloran: 0.6%Columbia Missourian: 0.7%Politically Left Leaning Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Lilley Halloran: 0.4%Columbia Missourian: 0.2%Politically Right Leaning Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Lilley Halloran: 0.2%Columbia Missourian: 1.7%Attempt to Sell a Product or S…0.0%

223 words analyzed.

Speakers

1speaker54%attributed speech103writer words
Voice mapSelect a segment to jump to its words
Writer's voice • 11 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 26 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 20 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 14 words • 100.0% coverageChris Brown • 8 words • 0.0% coverageChris Brown • 16 words • 0.0% coverageChris Brown • 26 words • 0.0% coverageChris Brown • 6 words • 100.0% coverageChris Brown • 22 words • 100.0% coverageChris Brown • 31 words • 0.0% coverageChris Brown • 11 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 6 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 19 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 7 words • 0.0% coverage
Selected voice

Chris Brown

93%flagged-word coverage
120 attributed words100% of attributed speech75% writer coverage
0%10.0%20.0%Indoctrination+18.3 ptsWriter: 0.0%Chris Brown: 18.3%18.3%Unattributed Quote-13.6 ptsWriter: 13.6%Chris Brown: 0.0%0.0%Quote-first Misdirection+5.0 ptsWriter: 0.0%Chris Brown: 5.0%5.0%

Attribution is sentence-level. Pattern percentages are calculated only from words assigned to that voice.

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Analysis

Hover over highlighted words in the article to view the associated bias or fallacy analysis.