After 250 Years: The American Origins of Fascism 63%

By Jeff Schechtman67%

7/31/2026, 4:00:53 AM

BS Summary: This article contains 24 faulty reasoning types, including Appeal to Emotion, Biased Writer Voice, and Anchoring Bias, with Negativity Bias as the most egregious example at 31.7% saturation with 86 hits. Analysis detected 700 faulty-reasoning hits from 271 analyzed words, generating a BS Score of 51.4% and a BS Rank of 63% (10,000 of 26,881 articles). This article is worse (more manipulative) than 62.80% of the article peer group.

For more than a decade, we’ve been flooded with books warning about fascism  how to recognize it, how it spreads, how democracies lose their way. 
Almost all begin with the same assumption: Fascism was a European creation that eventually washed up on American shores. 
Joseph Kelly says we’ve got it backwards. 
Kelly, a professor at the College of Charleston and author of The Biggest Lie: The Prehistory of American Fascism 1818-1915 , began writing a history of the 1920s and 30s. 
But every thread he pulled led somewhere earlier  past the World Wars, past the Ku Klux Klan, deep into the 19th-century South  until he found himself asking a far more unsettling question: What if America wasn’t simply influenced by fascism? 
What if it helped invent the political playbook that Europe later embraced? 
In this week’s WhoWhatWhy podcast, Kelly traces that story from the compromises over slavery at the 1787 Constitutional Convention to the post-Civil War politics of Jim Crow and beyond. 
He explains why fascism is less an ideology than a corruption of democracy itself, why “the Big Lie” has such enduring political power, and why Hitler looked to the American South not simply as an observer, but as an admirer. 
Kelly insists this isn’t a book about today’s politics. 
It’s about how democracies convince themselves that dangerous ideas will simply fade away  and what happens when they don’t. 
It’s an argument about American history that may change the way you think about American democracy itself. 
After 250 Years: The American Origins of Fascism originally appeared on WhoWhatWhy 
Article reasoning-pattern comparisonThis article: 7.0%Jeff Schechtman: 2.4%WhoWhatWhy: 6.1%Confirmation Bias7.0%This article: 15.5%Jeff Schechtman: 4.9%WhoWhatWhy: 0.6%Anchoring Bias15.5%This article: 9.6%Jeff Schechtman: 3.8%WhoWhatWhy: 2.6%Availability Heuristic9.6%This article: 7.0%Jeff Schechtman: 0.9%WhoWhatWhy: 0.9%Representativeness Heuristic7.0%This article: 15.5%Jeff Schechtman: 2.0%WhoWhatWhy: 1.4%Hindsight Bias15.5%This article: 6.3%Jeff Schechtman: 1.7%WhoWhatWhy: 1.1%Overconfidence Bias6.3%This article: 7.4%Jeff Schechtman: 8.3%WhoWhatWhy: 4.6%Framing Effect7.4%This article: 7.4%Jeff Schechtman: 1.0%WhoWhatWhy: 0.3%Loss Aversion7.4%This article: 0.0%Jeff Schechtman: 0.0%WhoWhatWhy: 0.6%Status Quo Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Jeff Schechtman: 0.0%WhoWhatWhy: 0.3%Sunk Cost Effect0.0%This article: 0.0%Jeff Schechtman: 0.0%WhoWhatWhy: 2.3%Optimism Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Jeff Schechtman: 1.0%WhoWhatWhy: 2.9%Pessimism Bias0.0%This article: 31.7%Jeff Schechtman: 6.2%WhoWhatWhy: 13.9%Negativity Bias31.7%This article: 0.0%Jeff Schechtman: 0.0%WhoWhatWhy: 1.3%Self-Serving Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Jeff Schechtman: 0.0%WhoWhatWhy: 2.4%Fundamental Attribution Error0.0%This article: 0.0%Jeff Schechtman: 0.0%WhoWhatWhy: 0.0%Actor-Observer Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Jeff Schechtman: 0.0%WhoWhatWhy: 1.6%In-Group Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Jeff Schechtman: 0.0%WhoWhatWhy: 1.4%Out-Group Homogeneity Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Jeff Schechtman: 2.3%WhoWhatWhy: 0.5%Halo Effect0.0%This article: 0.0%Jeff Schechtman: 0.0%WhoWhatWhy: 0.5%Horn Effect0.0%This article: 0.0%Jeff Schechtman: 0.0%WhoWhatWhy: 0.0%Dunning-Kruger Effect0.0%This article: 0.0%Jeff Schechtman: 0.0%WhoWhatWhy: 0.9%Recency Bias0.0%This article: 3.0%Jeff Schechtman: 0.4%WhoWhatWhy: 0.4%Primacy Effect3.0%This article: 3.3%Jeff Schechtman: 0.4%WhoWhatWhy: 0.0%Blind-Spot Bias3.3%This article: 0.0%Jeff Schechtman: 0.0%WhoWhatWhy: 5.2%Ad Hominem0.0%This article: 0.0%Jeff Schechtman: 0.0%WhoWhatWhy: 0.7%Straw Man0.0%This article: 11.1%Jeff Schechtman: 5.4%WhoWhatWhy: 2.8%Appeal to Authority11.1%This article: 11.8%Jeff Schechtman: 4.2%WhoWhatWhy: 2.2%False Dilemma11.8%This article: 0.0%Jeff Schechtman: 1.9%WhoWhatWhy: 2.1%Slippery Slope0.0%This article: 0.0%Jeff Schechtman: 0.0%WhoWhatWhy: 0.2%Circular Reasoning0.0%This article: 7.0%Jeff Schechtman: 7.6%WhoWhatWhy: 9.5%Hasty Generalization7.0%This article: 0.0%Jeff Schechtman: 0.0%WhoWhatWhy: 0.2%Red Herring0.0%This article: 0.0%Jeff Schechtman: 0.0%WhoWhatWhy: 0.7%Bandwagon0.0%This article: 21.0%Jeff Schechtman: 10.1%WhoWhatWhy: 6.1%Appeal to Emotion21.0%This article: 10.0%Jeff Schechtman: 1.3%WhoWhatWhy: 1.4%Begging the Question10.0%This article: 0.0%Jeff Schechtman: 0.6%WhoWhatWhy: 1.6%Post Hoc (False Cause)0.0%This article: 0.0%Jeff Schechtman: 0.0%WhoWhatWhy: 0.1%Tu Quoque0.0%This article: 3.3%Jeff Schechtman: 0.4%WhoWhatWhy: 1.0%Burden of Proof3.3%This article: 0.0%Jeff Schechtman: 0.0%WhoWhatWhy: 0.2%Appeal to Nature0.0%This article: 0.0%Jeff Schechtman: 0.0%WhoWhatWhy: 0.2%Composition/Division0.0%This article: 9.6%Jeff Schechtman: 1.3%WhoWhatWhy: 2.9%Anecdotal9.6%This article: 7.0%Jeff Schechtman: 0.9%WhoWhatWhy: 0.2%No True Scotsman7.0%This article: 14.8%Jeff Schechtman: 1.9%WhoWhatWhy: 0.7%Ambiguity (Equivocation)14.8%This article: 0.0%Jeff Schechtman: 0.0%WhoWhatWhy: 0.0%Gambler’s Fallacy0.0%This article: 0.0%Jeff Schechtman: 0.0%WhoWhatWhy: 0.2%Middle Ground0.0%This article: 15.5%Jeff Schechtman: 2.0%WhoWhatWhy: 0.3%Personal Incredulity15.5%This article: 0.0%Jeff Schechtman: 0.0%WhoWhatWhy: 0.4%Special Pleading0.0%This article: 0.0%Jeff Schechtman: 0.0%WhoWhatWhy: 0.1%Genetic Fallacy0.0%This article: 0.0%Jeff Schechtman: 0.0%WhoWhatWhy: 2.4%Unattributed Quote0.0%This article: 0.0%Jeff Schechtman: 0.0%WhoWhatWhy: 1.0%Quote-first Misdirection0.0%This article: 17.7%Jeff Schechtman: 7.9%WhoWhatWhy: 17.2%Biased Writer Voice17.7%This article: 9.6%Jeff Schechtman: 2.5%WhoWhatWhy: 2.8%Indoctrination9.6%This article: 0.0%Jeff Schechtman: 0.0%WhoWhatWhy: 9.6%Politically Left Leaning Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Jeff Schechtman: 0.0%WhoWhatWhy: 0.2%Politically Right Leaning Bias0.0%This article: 6.3%Jeff Schechtman: 1.7%WhoWhatWhy: 0.6%Attempt to Sell a Product or S…6.3%

271 words analyzed.

Speakers

1speaker2.6%attributed speech264writer words
Selected voice

Joseph Kelly

100%flagged-word coverage
7 attributed words100% of attributed speech84% writer coverage
0%10.0%20.0%Biased Writer Voice-18.2 ptsWriter: 18.2%Joseph Kelly: 0.0%0.0%Indoctrination-9.8 ptsWriter: 9.8%Joseph Kelly: 0.0%0.0%Attempt to Sell a Product -6.4 ptsWriter: 6.4%Joseph Kelly: 0.0%0.0%

Attribution is sentence-level. Pattern percentages are calculated only from words assigned to that voice.

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Analysis

Hover over highlighted words in the article to view the associated bias or fallacy analysis.