$10B plan released to prevent $41B in future flood damage across Boston 80%

By Samantha Genzer8%

7/21/2026, 12:23:41 AM

BS Summary: This article contains 21 faulty reasoning types, including Overconfidence Bias, Pessimism Bias, and Confirmation Bias, with Appeal to Emotion as the most egregious example at 25.6% saturation with 92 hits. Analysis detected 767 faulty-reasoning hits from 360 analyzed words, generating a BS Score of 71.4% and a BS Rank of 80% (4,360 of 21,198 articles). This article is worse (more manipulative) than 79.40% of the article peer group.

Boston residents could eventually see new flood walls, berms, floodgates, and other coastal defenses stretching across 16 miles of the city’s shoreline under a plan released Monday that aims to protect neighborhoods from rising seas and increasingly severe coastal storms. 
The draft plan from the U.S. 
Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) outlines more than 20 projects to close areas along Boston’s 47-mile coastline that are prone to flooding, with the baseline infrastructure expected to cost about $10 billion, Mayor Michelle Wu’s office said in a press release. 
The draft report also details proposed infrastructure options for Boston’s coastal flooding protection, which include floodwalls, floodgates, and berms, Wu’s office said. 
“Boston leads with bold action to protect our communities and our future,” Wu said in the release. 
“The future of our city depends on the steps we take now to build resilient communities. 
With more frequent flooding in vulnerable areas during extreme weather events, the Coastal Storm Risk Management Feasibility Study is critical to understanding how to protect inland neighborhoods most at risk and unlocking resources to take action.” 
The study, expected to be completed in 2028, would prevent an estimated $41 billion in flood damage by securing 65 percent of construction costs for coastal resilience projects from the federal government, according to Wu’s office. 
About 40 percent of Boston residents live in areas vulnerable to coastal flooding, according to USACE. 
Without additional protections, officials estimate roughly 20,000 buildings could face severe flooding as sea levels rise and storms become more intense, Wu’s office noted. 
The plan focuses on the city's shoreline in East Boston, Charlestown, Dorchester, downtown, the North End, and South Boston. 
The draft is open for public comment through Sept. 18 before the study is finalized. 
“Today marks a major milestone in our shared mission of community resilience,” Deputy Commander of the New England District of the U.S. 
Army Corps of Engineers David MacPhail said in a statement. 
“The reality is that doing nothing is not a viable option. 
Without action, the costs to public safety and economic vitality from coastal flooding will only be compounded.” 
Article reasoning-pattern comparisonThis article: 14.4%Samantha Genzer: 1.6%Boston.com: 2.2%Confirmation Bias14.4%This article: 0.0%Samantha Genzer: 1.3%Boston.com: 1.0%Anchoring Bias0.0%This article: 4.4%Samantha Genzer: 1.7%Boston.com: 2.9%Availability Heuristic4.4%This article: 0.0%Samantha Genzer: 0.8%Boston.com: 0.7%Representativeness Heuristic0.0%This article: 0.0%Samantha Genzer: 0.3%Boston.com: 0.4%Hindsight Bias0.0%This article: 21.4%Samantha Genzer: 1.3%Boston.com: 1.4%Overconfidence Bias21.4%This article: 7.8%Samantha Genzer: 3.2%Boston.com: 5.9%Framing Effect7.8%This article: 8.1%Samantha Genzer: 0.8%Boston.com: 0.8%Loss Aversion8.1%This article: 3.1%Samantha Genzer: 0.5%Boston.com: 0.4%Status Quo Bias3.1%This article: 0.0%Samantha Genzer: 0.1%Boston.com: 0.1%Sunk Cost Effect0.0%This article: 11.1%Samantha Genzer: 2.0%Boston.com: 2.2%Optimism Bias11.1%This article: 16.7%Samantha Genzer: 0.8%Boston.com: 1.1%Pessimism Bias16.7%This article: 4.7%Samantha Genzer: 3.9%Boston.com: 6.1%Negativity Bias4.7%This article: 0.0%Samantha Genzer: 0.3%Boston.com: 1.0%Self-Serving Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Samantha Genzer: 0.5%Boston.com: 0.6%Fundamental Attribution Error0.0%This article: 0.0%Samantha Genzer: 0.0%Boston.com: 0.0%Actor-Observer Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Samantha Genzer: 0.7%Boston.com: 1.0%In-Group Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Samantha Genzer: 0.1%Boston.com: 0.2%Out-Group Homogeneity Bias0.0%This article: 4.7%Samantha Genzer: 1.6%Boston.com: 2.8%Halo Effect4.7%This article: 0.0%Samantha Genzer: 0.0%Boston.com: 0.1%Horn Effect0.0%This article: 0.0%Samantha Genzer: 0.0%Boston.com: 0.0%Dunning-Kruger Effect0.0%This article: 0.0%Samantha Genzer: 1.0%Boston.com: 1.4%Recency Bias0.0%This article: 6.1%Samantha Genzer: 0.1%Boston.com: 0.4%Primacy Effect6.1%This article: 0.0%Samantha Genzer: 0.1%Boston.com: 0.1%Blind-Spot Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Samantha Genzer: 0.0%Boston.com: 0.3%Ad Hominem0.0%This article: 0.0%Samantha Genzer: 0.1%Boston.com: 0.1%Straw Man0.0%This article: 11.4%Samantha Genzer: 2.5%Boston.com: 4.0%Appeal to Authority11.4%This article: 7.5%Samantha Genzer: 0.8%Boston.com: 1.0%False Dilemma7.5%This article: 11.4%Samantha Genzer: 0.5%Boston.com: 0.4%Slippery Slope11.4%This article: 0.0%Samantha Genzer: 0.0%Boston.com: 0.1%Circular Reasoning0.0%This article: 0.0%Samantha Genzer: 1.7%Boston.com: 3.2%Hasty Generalization0.0%This article: 0.0%Samantha Genzer: 0.1%Boston.com: 0.2%Red Herring0.0%This article: 0.0%Samantha Genzer: 0.3%Boston.com: 0.5%Bandwagon0.0%This article: 25.6%Samantha Genzer: 6.9%Boston.com: 6.2%Appeal to Emotion25.6%This article: 13.1%Samantha Genzer: 0.6%Boston.com: 0.5%Begging the Question13.1%This article: 10.0%Samantha Genzer: 1.0%Boston.com: 1.5%Post Hoc (False Cause)10.0%This article: 0.0%Samantha Genzer: 0.0%Boston.com: 0.2%Tu Quoque0.0%This article: 0.0%Samantha Genzer: 0.2%Boston.com: 0.3%Burden of Proof0.0%This article: 0.0%Samantha Genzer: 0.1%Boston.com: 0.1%Appeal to Nature0.0%This article: 0.0%Samantha Genzer: 0.0%Boston.com: 0.1%Composition/Division0.0%This article: 0.0%Samantha Genzer: 1.0%Boston.com: 2.3%Anecdotal0.0%This article: 0.0%Samantha Genzer: 0.0%Boston.com: 0.0%No True Scotsman0.0%This article: 11.7%Samantha Genzer: 1.2%Boston.com: 1.3%Ambiguity (Equivocation)11.7%This article: 0.0%Samantha Genzer: 0.0%Boston.com: 0.0%Gambler’s Fallacy0.0%This article: 0.0%Samantha Genzer: 0.0%Boston.com: 0.1%Middle Ground0.0%This article: 0.0%Samantha Genzer: 0.1%Boston.com: 0.0%Personal Incredulity0.0%This article: 0.0%Samantha Genzer: 0.0%Boston.com: 0.0%Special Pleading0.0%This article: 0.0%Samantha Genzer: 0.0%Boston.com: 0.0%Genetic Fallacy0.0%This article: 6.1%Samantha Genzer: 1.3%Boston.com: 1.3%Unattributed Quote6.1%This article: 7.8%Samantha Genzer: 0.6%Boston.com: 1.7%Quote-first Misdirection7.8%This article: 6.1%Samantha Genzer: 1.1%Boston.com: 4.1%Biased Writer Voice6.1%This article: 0.0%Samantha Genzer: 1.8%Boston.com: 1.1%Indoctrination0.0%This article: 0.0%Samantha Genzer: 0.0%Boston.com: 0.4%Politically Left Leaning Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Samantha Genzer: 0.1%Boston.com: 0.0%Politically Right Leaning Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Samantha Genzer: 1.0%Boston.com: 2.3%Attempt to Sell a Product or S…0.0%

360 words analyzed.

Speakers

5speakers58%attributed speech150writer words
Voice mapSelect a segment to jump to its words
Writer's voice • 12 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 40 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 6 words • 0.0% coverageMayor Michelle Wu’s office • 41 words • 0.0% coverageWu’s office • 22 words • 100.0% coverageMichelle Wu • 17 words • 100.0% coverageMichelle Wu • 16 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 36 words • 0.0% coverageWu’s office • 36 words • 0.0% coverageUSACE • 16 words • 0.0% coverageWu’s office • 24 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 19 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 15 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 22 words • 100.0% coverageDavid MacPhail • 10 words • 0.0% coverageDavid MacPhail • 11 words • 100.0% coverageDavid MacPhail • 17 words • 0.0% coverage
Selected voice

Michelle Wu

100%flagged-word coverage
33 attributed words16% of attributed speech77% writer coverage
0%27.5%55.0%Quote-first Misdirection+51.5 ptsWriter: 0.0%Michelle Wu: 51.5%51.5%Unattributed Quote-14.7 ptsWriter: 14.7%Michelle Wu: 0.0%0.0%

Attribution is sentence-level. Pattern percentages are calculated only from words assigned to that voice.

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Analysis

Hover over highlighted words in the article to view the associated bias or fallacy analysis.