Restored WWII fighter plane tests out .50 caliber machine guns 16%

By Andrew Paul22%

7/7/2026, 11:32:00 AM

BS Summary: This article contains 24 faulty reasoning types, including Appeal to Emotion, Hasty Generalization, and Framing Effect, with Optimism Bias as the most egregious example at 14.9% saturation with 74 hits. Analysis detected 855 faulty-reasoning hits from 497 analyzed words, generating a BS Score of 32.1% and a BS Rank of 16% (18,396 of 21,887 articles). This article is better (less manipulative) than 84.00% of the article peer group.

It’s common to see historic military planes on display in a museum, and they still occasionally perform  at airshows. 
However, it's much rarer to watch one of these fighter planes not only take to the sky, but demonstrate its intense firepower. 
For over two years, preservationists at the Soaring By The Sea Foundation have worked to revive one of history’s most iconic aircraft, the Curtiss P-40 Warhawk. 
But in addition to bringing it back to life, the team also committed to installing working recreations of the plane’s six .50 caliber machine guns. 
Of course, there’s really only one way to ensure everything is in working order—including the heavy artillery. 
And judging by recent footage, their P-40 can once again handle another dogfight more than 80 years after its last deployment. 
The Curtiss P-40 Warhawk remains one of the most instantly recognizable aircraft from World War II. 
Designed in the United States and released in 1938, the single-engine, solo piloted fighter plane quickly became a critical workhouse for Allied forces. 
Over 13,000 units were constructed for the conflict, which saw the P-40 deployed across the Pacific, North African, and European theaters. 
Early versions featured a 1,000 horsepower Allison engine, although some later iterations included an improved Rolls-Royce Merlin under the hood. 
Aside from its .50 caliber guns, the P-40 sometimes also boasted bombs and even the ability to drop tanks. 
Despite its recognizable design and heavy use, many Allied forces ironically considered the aircraft a relatively mediocre plane. 
Its Allison engine prevented the P-40 from engaging in high-altitude combat, while its top speed and climb rate were both consistently outmatched by Japanese and German engineering. 
Even with these limitations, the P-40’s quick debut and easy manufacturing filled a critical gap during the war while Allied nations developed better aerial fighter plane options. 
Soaring By The Sea’s project focused on P-40N-1 A29-448, a Warhawk delivered to the Royal Australian Air Force on May 5, 1943. 
According to military records, the fighter plane flew dozens of missions including air cover for Allied bombers, strafing runs, and patrols. 
It saw combat at least seven times before hydraulic and electrical failures forced its pilot to perform a successful wheels-up landing near the town of Tadji in Papua New Guinea on May 4, 1944. 
The P-40 remained grounded in an airfield until its recovery in 1974, when it was relocated to New Zealand. 
Pioneer Aero Restorations began repairs on it during the 1990s before the P-40 began flying again in airshows in 2000. 
Soaring By The Sea’s most recent updates also required artisans to utilize 1940s armament manuals and technical sources to ensure its replacement guns worked safely and properly during its latest showcase. 
“We want to keep these things as active as possible,” foundation executive director Coy Pfaff said in the video.  
A full documentary on the P-40 Warhawk’s revival through Soaring By The Sea will debut on July 10 on YouTube. 
Article reasoning-pattern comparisonThis article: 6.2%Andrew Paul: 2.5%Popular Science: 2.2%Confirmation Bias6.2%This article: 0.0%Andrew Paul: 1.4%Popular Science: 0.8%Anchoring Bias0.0%This article: 8.2%Andrew Paul: 3.0%Popular Science: 2.7%Availability Heuristic8.2%This article: 3.2%Andrew Paul: 1.1%Popular Science: 1.2%Representativeness Heuristic3.2%This article: 4.0%Andrew Paul: 0.7%Popular Science: 0.5%Hindsight Bias4.0%This article: 8.9%Andrew Paul: 3.2%Popular Science: 2.9%Overconfidence Bias8.9%This article: 11.7%Andrew Paul: 4.4%Popular Science: 3.5%Framing Effect11.7%This article: 0.0%Andrew Paul: 0.3%Popular Science: 0.4%Loss Aversion0.0%This article: 4.6%Andrew Paul: 0.7%Popular Science: 0.7%Status Quo Bias4.6%This article: 5.0%Andrew Paul: 0.3%Popular Science: 0.1%Sunk Cost Effect5.0%This article: 14.9%Andrew Paul: 6.7%Popular Science: 4.6%Optimism Bias14.9%This article: 0.0%Andrew Paul: 0.7%Popular Science: 0.7%Pessimism Bias0.0%This article: 3.6%Andrew Paul: 4.3%Popular Science: 3.0%Negativity Bias3.6%This article: 0.0%Andrew Paul: 0.6%Popular Science: 0.7%Self-Serving Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Andrew Paul: 0.1%Popular Science: 0.3%Fundamental Attribution Error0.0%This article: 0.0%Andrew Paul: 0.1%Popular Science: 0.0%Actor-Observer Bias0.0%This article: 3.6%Andrew Paul: 0.3%Popular Science: 0.4%In-Group Bias3.6%This article: 0.0%Andrew Paul: 0.0%Popular Science: 0.2%Out-Group Homogeneity Bias0.0%This article: 8.5%Andrew Paul: 1.6%Popular Science: 2.1%Halo Effect8.5%This article: 0.0%Andrew Paul: 0.0%Popular Science: 0.0%Horn Effect0.0%This article: 0.0%Andrew Paul: 0.0%Popular Science: 0.0%Dunning-Kruger Effect0.0%This article: 4.2%Andrew Paul: 1.7%Popular Science: 0.9%Recency Bias4.2%This article: 0.0%Andrew Paul: 0.3%Popular Science: 0.3%Primacy Effect0.0%This article: 0.0%Andrew Paul: 0.1%Popular Science: 0.1%Blind-Spot Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Andrew Paul: 0.0%Popular Science: 0.0%Ad Hominem0.0%This article: 0.0%Andrew Paul: 0.1%Popular Science: 0.1%Straw Man0.0%This article: 10.5%Andrew Paul: 5.5%Popular Science: 4.2%Appeal to Authority10.5%This article: 3.4%Andrew Paul: 1.2%Popular Science: 0.8%False Dilemma3.4%This article: 0.0%Andrew Paul: 0.5%Popular Science: 0.3%Slippery Slope0.0%This article: 0.0%Andrew Paul: 0.1%Popular Science: 0.1%Circular Reasoning0.0%This article: 11.9%Andrew Paul: 5.0%Popular Science: 4.1%Hasty Generalization11.9%This article: 0.0%Andrew Paul: 0.1%Popular Science: 0.1%Red Herring0.0%This article: 0.0%Andrew Paul: 0.5%Popular Science: 0.6%Bandwagon0.0%This article: 12.1%Andrew Paul: 3.4%Popular Science: 2.9%Appeal to Emotion12.1%This article: 3.4%Andrew Paul: 0.9%Popular Science: 0.6%Begging the Question3.4%This article: 11.1%Andrew Paul: 2.4%Popular Science: 2.2%Post Hoc (False Cause)11.1%This article: 0.0%Andrew Paul: 0.0%Popular Science: 0.0%Tu Quoque0.0%This article: 0.0%Andrew Paul: 0.6%Popular Science: 0.5%Burden of Proof0.0%This article: 0.0%Andrew Paul: 0.3%Popular Science: 0.4%Appeal to Nature0.0%This article: 0.0%Andrew Paul: 0.3%Popular Science: 0.4%Composition/Division0.0%This article: 4.2%Andrew Paul: 1.9%Popular Science: 2.2%Anecdotal4.2%This article: 0.0%Andrew Paul: 0.0%Popular Science: 0.0%No True Scotsman0.0%This article: 9.3%Andrew Paul: 2.2%Popular Science: 2.0%Ambiguity (Equivocation)9.3%This article: 0.0%Andrew Paul: 0.0%Popular Science: 0.0%Gambler’s Fallacy0.0%This article: 5.4%Andrew Paul: 0.3%Popular Science: 0.2%Middle Ground5.4%This article: 0.0%Andrew Paul: 0.0%Popular Science: 0.0%Personal Incredulity0.0%This article: 0.0%Andrew Paul: 0.2%Popular Science: 0.2%Special Pleading0.0%This article: 0.0%Andrew Paul: 0.0%Popular Science: 0.1%Genetic Fallacy0.0%This article: 0.0%Andrew Paul: 2.3%Popular Science: 1.5%Unattributed Quote0.0%This article: 0.0%Andrew Paul: 1.0%Popular Science: 0.8%Quote-first Misdirection0.0%This article: 5.0%Andrew Paul: 5.0%Popular Science: 3.8%Biased Writer Voice5.0%This article: 0.0%Andrew Paul: 1.4%Popular Science: 1.3%Indoctrination0.0%This article: 0.0%Andrew Paul: 0.0%Popular Science: 0.0%Politically Left Leaning Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Andrew Paul: 0.0%Popular Science: 0.0%Politically Right Leaning Bias0.0%This article: 9.1%Andrew Paul: 0.9%Popular Science: 2.8%Attempt to Sell a Product or S…9.1%

497 words analyzed.

Speakers

1speaker3.8%attributed speech478writer words
Voice mapSelect a segment to jump to its words
Writer's voice • 10 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 19 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 22 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 26 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 25 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 17 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 21 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 16 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 23 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 21 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 20 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 19 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 18 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 27 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 27 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 22 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 21 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 34 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 19 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 20 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 31 words • 0.0% coverageCoy Pfaff • 19 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 20 words • 100.0% coverage
Selected voice

Coy Pfaff

0%flagged-word coverage
19 attributed words100% of attributed speech81% writer coverage
0%5.0%10.0%Attempt to Sell a Product -9.4 ptsWriter: 9.4%Coy Pfaff: 0.0%0.0%Biased Writer Voice-5.2 ptsWriter: 5.2%Coy Pfaff: 0.0%0.0%

Attribution is sentence-level. Pattern percentages are calculated only from words assigned to that voice.

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Analysis

Hover over highlighted words in the article to view the associated bias or fallacy analysis.