WIRED16%

The Explosive Diarrhea Outbreak Is About to Get Much Bigger 32%

By Emily Mullin31% Kate Taylor30%

7/15/2026, 2:30:00 AM

BS Summary: This article contains 22 faulty reasoning types, including Appeal to Authority, Availability Heuristic, and Biased Writer Voice, with Negativity Bias as the most egregious example at 32.5% saturation with 219 hits. Analysis detected 1,359 faulty-reasoning hits from 674 analyzed words, generating a BS Score of 41% and a BS Rank of 32% (14,956 of 21,887 articles). This article is better (less manipulative) than 68.30% of the article peer group.

The country is grappling with a large and fast-spreading outbreak of cyclosporiasis, a parasitic infection that causes extreme gastrointestinal distress. 
There are nearly 7,000 potential cases, more than 3,300 of which are in Michigan alone as of Tuesday, and state officials have identified tainted lettuce as the likely culprit. 
The actual case count is almost certainly higher, though, because most people don’t seek medical care when they get diarrhea. 
And even when they do, labs don’t routinely test for cyclosporiasis, says Jeanne Marrazzo, CEO of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 
She estimates the number of cases is at least double the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s tallies. 
“That’s because of underdiagnosis and also because there are cases that are likely to be mild. 
Many people aren’t going to declare themselves and get counted,” she says. 
Cyclosporiasis isn’t as common as other foodborne illnesses, meaning it’s not included in standard panels that test for several types of gastrointestinal disease. 
But for many folks who get sick, the effects are, let’s just say, not pleasant. 
“A lot of times with diarrhea, you have an episode and you feel better,” says Marrazzo. 
“With this, it just can kind of go on and on, and it really takes people out.” 
Bad enough, yes. 
But what about that whole getting worse thing? 
Public health officials have urged people to thoroughly clean produce, and some restaurants have taken precautions. 
Notably, Taco Bell has said it had “voluntarily and temporarily removed limited ingredients at select restaurants as a precautionary measure.” 
While that might help those trying to live más avoid contracting cyclosporiasis, it’s not the only part of the produce supply chain that can become affected. 
Norman Beatty, associate professor of medicine in the division of infectious diseases and global medicine at the University of Florida, says the cyclospora has unique mechanisms that allow it to lodge into the crevices of fruits and vegetables. 
It’s most commonly found in fresh, raw produce, particularly herbs, lettuce, and berries. 
Unlike some of the more common foodborne pathogens, cyclospora is resistant to bleach and common sanitizers used by food manufacturers. 
“Despite the commercial approaches to washing the produce that ends up in our grocery stores, the oocysts can continue to stick,” says Beatty. 
(Oocysts are the infectious stage of the parasite.) 
Cooking destroys the parasite, but because lettuce and berries are usually eaten raw, there’s no easy way to eliminate it before consumption. 
Bill Marler, a lawyer who specializes in food poisoning cases, says that, historically, most cyclosporiasis cases have been linked to imported produce. 
But the last decade has seen the US’s first All-American cyclosporiasis outbreaks, such as when bagged lettuce from a plant in Illinois sickened more than 700 people. 
Marler described cyclospora as becoming “like pythons in the Everglades.” 
The invasive snakes have infamously taken over the wetlands of South Florida, outcompeting native fauna and inspiring a year-round python hunting season. 
Cyclospora threatens to do the same, using our guts as the host environment. 
As more people get cyclospora and poop it out, it becomes more likely that water gets infected. 
That in turn increases the risk of outbreaks. 
“Likely what happens is, it gets into the water supply that’s utilized to irrigate crops,” Marler says. 
He adds that agricultural workers typically get blamed for outbreaks, but “this is unlikely to be one lone worker not washing his or her hands, or someone pooping in the field. 
Something has gotten a water supply contaminated, spreading over a larger amount of produce.” 
The parasite is also resistant to chlorine, the primary disinfectant used in most municipal water and wastewater treatment systems. 
Beatty says it’s likely that thousands more people around the country have been infected. 
“This shows us how easily an organism can be distributed to one location within the United States to multiple locations pretty quickly through the networks that we have set up for food distribution,” he says. 
“This could end up being reported in all 50 states.” 
Article reasoning-pattern comparisonThis article: 3.9%Emily Mullin: 2.9%WIRED: 1.9%Confirmation Bias3.9%This article: 0.0%Emily Mullin: 1.7%WIRED: 0.7%Anchoring Bias0.0%This article: 18.0%Emily Mullin: 6.9%WIRED: 2.9%Availability Heuristic18.0%This article: 5.3%Emily Mullin: 0.9%WIRED: 0.8%Representativeness Heuristic5.3%This article: 0.0%Emily Mullin: 0.0%WIRED: 0.9%Hindsight Bias0.0%This article: 10.2%Emily Mullin: 1.7%WIRED: 1.2%Overconfidence Bias10.2%This article: 8.3%Emily Mullin: 3.4%WIRED: 4.3%Framing Effect8.3%This article: 0.0%Emily Mullin: 0.0%WIRED: 0.4%Loss Aversion0.0%This article: 2.4%Emily Mullin: 0.8%WIRED: 0.5%Status Quo Bias2.4%This article: 0.0%Emily Mullin: 0.0%WIRED: 0.1%Sunk Cost Effect0.0%This article: 0.0%Emily Mullin: 0.9%WIRED: 2.1%Optimism Bias0.0%This article: 11.7%Emily Mullin: 4.3%WIRED: 1.4%Pessimism Bias11.7%This article: 32.5%Emily Mullin: 9.1%WIRED: 5.9%Negativity Bias32.5%This article: 0.0%Emily Mullin: 0.4%WIRED: 1.2%Self-Serving Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Emily Mullin: 0.5%WIRED: 0.8%Fundamental Attribution Error0.0%This article: 4.6%Emily Mullin: 0.4%WIRED: 0.2%Actor-Observer Bias4.6%This article: 0.0%Emily Mullin: 0.4%WIRED: 1.0%In-Group Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Emily Mullin: 0.0%WIRED: 0.2%Out-Group Homogeneity Bias0.0%This article: 3.0%Emily Mullin: 1.0%WIRED: 1.9%Halo Effect3.0%This article: 0.0%Emily Mullin: 0.0%WIRED: 0.0%Horn Effect0.0%This article: 0.0%Emily Mullin: 0.0%WIRED: 0.0%Dunning-Kruger Effect0.0%This article: 4.0%Emily Mullin: 1.6%WIRED: 1.0%Recency Bias4.0%This article: 0.0%Emily Mullin: 0.5%WIRED: 0.3%Primacy Effect0.0%This article: 0.0%Emily Mullin: 0.0%WIRED: 0.1%Blind-Spot Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Emily Mullin: 0.3%WIRED: 0.4%Ad Hominem0.0%This article: 0.0%Emily Mullin: 0.3%WIRED: 0.2%Straw Man0.0%This article: 19.9%Emily Mullin: 5.0%WIRED: 3.2%Appeal to Authority19.9%This article: 11.7%Emily Mullin: 1.8%WIRED: 1.1%False Dilemma11.7%This article: 3.4%Emily Mullin: 1.0%WIRED: 0.5%Slippery Slope3.4%This article: 0.0%Emily Mullin: 0.0%WIRED: 0.2%Circular Reasoning0.0%This article: 6.7%Emily Mullin: 3.4%WIRED: 4.5%Hasty Generalization6.7%This article: 0.0%Emily Mullin: 0.3%WIRED: 0.1%Red Herring0.0%This article: 0.0%Emily Mullin: 1.4%WIRED: 0.4%Bandwagon0.0%This article: 9.9%Emily Mullin: 3.0%WIRED: 2.9%Appeal to Emotion9.9%This article: 2.5%Emily Mullin: 0.3%WIRED: 0.3%Begging the Question2.5%This article: 14.4%Emily Mullin: 3.4%WIRED: 2.5%Post Hoc (False Cause)14.4%This article: 0.0%Emily Mullin: 0.0%WIRED: 0.0%Tu Quoque0.0%This article: 0.0%Emily Mullin: 0.2%WIRED: 0.3%Burden of Proof0.0%This article: 0.0%Emily Mullin: 0.0%WIRED: 0.1%Appeal to Nature0.0%This article: 3.4%Emily Mullin: 0.2%WIRED: 0.3%Composition/Division3.4%This article: 6.4%Emily Mullin: 2.6%WIRED: 3.6%Anecdotal6.4%This article: 0.0%Emily Mullin: 0.1%WIRED: 0.1%No True Scotsman0.0%This article: 0.0%Emily Mullin: 0.7%WIRED: 1.4%Ambiguity (Equivocation)0.0%This article: 0.0%Emily Mullin: 0.0%WIRED: 0.0%Gambler’s Fallacy0.0%This article: 0.0%Emily Mullin: 0.1%WIRED: 0.1%Middle Ground0.0%This article: 0.0%Emily Mullin: 0.0%WIRED: 0.1%Personal Incredulity0.0%This article: 0.0%Emily Mullin: 0.0%WIRED: 0.1%Special Pleading0.0%This article: 0.0%Emily Mullin: 0.0%WIRED: 0.1%Genetic Fallacy0.0%This article: 0.0%Emily Mullin: 2.3%WIRED: 1.2%Unattributed Quote0.0%This article: 0.0%Emily Mullin: 1.6%WIRED: 0.6%Quote-first Misdirection0.0%This article: 17.1%Emily Mullin: 2.8%WIRED: 4.0%Biased Writer Voice17.1%This article: 2.4%Emily Mullin: 3.1%WIRED: 1.0%Indoctrination2.4%This article: 0.0%Emily Mullin: 0.6%WIRED: 0.4%Politically Left Leaning Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Emily Mullin: 0.5%WIRED: 0.0%Politically Right Leaning Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Emily Mullin: 0.3%WIRED: 2.2%Attempt to Sell a Product or S…0.0%

674 words analyzed.

Speakers

4speakers50%attributed speech339writer words
Voice mapSelect a segment to jump to its words
Writer's voice • 10 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 20 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 29 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 20 words • 100.0% coverageJeanne Marrazzo • 22 words • 0.0% coverageJeanne Marrazzo • 18 words • 0.0% coverageJeanne Marrazzo • 16 words • 100.0% coverageJeanne Marrazzo • 12 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 23 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 15 words • 100.0% coverageJeanne Marrazzo • 16 words • 0.0% coverageJeanne Marrazzo • 17 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 3 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 8 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 16 words • 0.0% coverageTaco Bell • 20 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 26 words • 0.0% coverageNorman Beatty • 38 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 13 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 20 words • 0.0% coverageNorman Beatty • 23 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 8 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 22 words • 0.0% coverageBill Marler • 22 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 27 words • 0.0% coverageBill Marler • 10 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 22 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 13 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 17 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 8 words • 0.0% coverageBill Marler • 17 words • 0.0% coverageBill Marler • 31 words • 0.0% coverageBill Marler • 14 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 19 words • 0.0% coverageNorman Beatty • 14 words • 0.0% coverageNorman Beatty • 35 words • 0.0% coverageNorman Beatty • 10 words • 0.0% coverage
Selected voice

Taco Bell

100%flagged-word coverage
20 attributed words6.0% of attributed speech78% writer coverage
0%17.5%35.0%Biased Writer Voice-33.9 ptsWriter: 33.9%Taco Bell: 0.0%0.0%

Attribution is sentence-level. Pattern percentages are calculated only from words assigned to that voice.

Loading…
Loading…
Loading…
Loading…

Analysis

Hover over highlighted words in the article to view the associated bias or fallacy analysis.