Graham Warned Us. Then Became The Warning. ⁠73%

By Sam Stein⁠90% Will Saletan⁠89%

7/12/2026, 6:13:26 PM

BS Summary: This article contains 18 faulty reasoning types, including Attempt to Sell a Product or Service, Negativity Bias, and Recency Bias, with Biased Writer Voice as the most egregious example at 33.6% saturation with 91 hits. Analysis detected 525 faulty-reasoning hits from 271 analyzed words, generating a BS Score of 64.8% and a BS Rank of ⁠73% (6,070 of 21,887 articles). This article is worse (more manipulative) than 72.30% of the article peer group.

The full episode is only available to paid subscribers of The Bulwark 
Sam Stein and Will Saletan 
Sam Stein and Will Saletan reflect on Senator Lindsey Graham's sudden death at 71, tracing his shift from Trump's fiercest critic to loyal ally, and critiquing Trump's self-centered, tone-deaf response to the news. 
See Will Saletan's series on Lindsey Graham here: https://specialto.thebulwark.com/ 
As always: Watch, listen, and leave a comment. 
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Article reasoning-pattern comparisonThis article: 0.0%Sam Stein: 3.1%The Bulwark: 5.8%Confirmation Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Sam Stein: 0.0%The Bulwark: 0.4%Anchoring Bias0.0%This article: 4.1%Sam Stein: 4.7%The Bulwark: 2.9%Availability Heuristic4.1%This article: 0.0%Sam Stein: 0.0%The Bulwark: 0.9%Representativeness Heuristic0.0%This article: 3.0%Sam Stein: 0.3%The Bulwark: 0.6%Hindsight Bias3.0%This article: 0.0%Sam Stein: 0.0%The Bulwark: 1.7%Overconfidence Bias0.0%This article: 6.3%Sam Stein: 18.5%The Bulwark: 6.8%Framing Effect6.3%This article: 0.0%Sam Stein: 0.7%The Bulwark: 0.6%Loss Aversion0.0%This article: 0.0%Sam Stein: 0.0%The Bulwark: 0.4%Status Quo Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Sam Stein: 0.3%The Bulwark: 0.1%Sunk Cost Effect0.0%This article: 3.7%Sam Stein: 0.2%The Bulwark: 1.5%Optimism Bias3.7%This article: 0.0%Sam Stein: 1.6%The Bulwark: 2.2%Pessimism Bias0.0%This article: 30.3%Sam Stein: 29.4%The Bulwark: 11.2%Negativity Bias30.3%This article: 0.0%Sam Stein: 0.0%The Bulwark: 0.6%Self-Serving Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Sam Stein: 0.3%The Bulwark: 1.2%Fundamental Attribution Error0.0%This article: 12.2%Sam Stein: 0.6%The Bulwark: 0.2%Actor-Observer Bias12.2%This article: 0.0%Sam Stein: 3.4%The Bulwark: 3.0%In-Group Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Sam Stein: 3.1%The Bulwark: 1.4%Out-Group Homogeneity Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Sam Stein: 0.3%The Bulwark: 1.1%Halo Effect0.0%This article: 0.0%Sam Stein: 0.7%The Bulwark: 0.4%Horn Effect0.0%This article: 0.0%Sam Stein: 0.0%The Bulwark: 0.0%Dunning-Kruger Effect0.0%This article: 22.9%Sam Stein: 1.7%The Bulwark: 1.5%Recency Bias22.9%This article: 0.0%Sam Stein: 0.2%The Bulwark: 0.5%Primacy Effect0.0%This article: 0.0%Sam Stein: 0.0%The Bulwark: 0.0%Blind-Spot Bias0.0%This article: 7.0%Sam Stein: 7.1%The Bulwark: 3.3%Ad Hominem7.0%This article: 4.8%Sam Stein: 2.4%The Bulwark: 0.7%Straw Man4.8%This article: 0.0%Sam Stein: 2.1%The Bulwark: 3.4%Appeal to Authority0.0%This article: 3.0%Sam Stein: 2.8%The Bulwark: 2.2%False Dilemma3.0%This article: 0.0%Sam Stein: 0.0%The Bulwark: 1.0%Slippery Slope0.0%This article: 0.0%Sam Stein: 0.0%The Bulwark: 0.2%Circular Reasoning0.0%This article: 3.0%Sam Stein: 10.2%The Bulwark: 8.2%Hasty Generalization3.0%This article: 0.0%Sam Stein: 4.0%The Bulwark: 0.5%Red Herring0.0%This article: 0.0%Sam Stein: 0.0%The Bulwark: 0.4%Bandwagon0.0%This article: 0.0%Sam Stein: 6.2%The Bulwark: 5.8%Appeal to Emotion0.0%This article: 3.0%Sam Stein: 1.4%The Bulwark: 1.4%Begging the Question3.0%This article: 0.0%Sam Stein: 1.0%The Bulwark: 2.5%Post Hoc (False Cause)0.0%This article: 0.0%Sam Stein: 0.7%The Bulwark: 0.2%Tu Quoque0.0%This article: 0.0%Sam Stein: 0.3%The Bulwark: 0.8%Burden of Proof0.0%This article: 0.0%Sam Stein: 0.0%The Bulwark: 0.1%Appeal to Nature0.0%This article: 0.0%Sam Stein: 0.0%The Bulwark: 0.3%Composition/Division0.0%This article: 6.6%Sam Stein: 1.8%The Bulwark: 2.4%Anecdotal6.6%This article: 0.0%Sam Stein: 0.0%The Bulwark: 0.2%No True Scotsman0.0%This article: 2.6%Sam Stein: 1.3%The Bulwark: 1.4%Ambiguity (Equivocation)2.6%This article: 0.0%Sam Stein: 0.0%The Bulwark: 0.0%Gambler’s Fallacy0.0%This article: 0.0%Sam Stein: 0.0%The Bulwark: 0.1%Middle Ground0.0%This article: 0.0%Sam Stein: 0.0%The Bulwark: 0.2%Personal Incredulity0.0%This article: 0.0%Sam Stein: 0.0%The Bulwark: 0.3%Special Pleading0.0%This article: 0.0%Sam Stein: 0.0%The Bulwark: 0.3%Genetic Fallacy0.0%This article: 0.0%Sam Stein: 1.4%The Bulwark: 2.2%Unattributed Quote0.0%This article: 11.1%Sam Stein: 1.3%The Bulwark: 1.4%Quote-first Misdirection11.1%This article: 33.6%Sam Stein: 23.5%The Bulwark: 15.3%Biased Writer Voice33.6%This article: 4.1%Sam Stein: 3.4%The Bulwark: 2.8%Indoctrination4.1%This article: 0.0%Sam Stein: 16.5%The Bulwark: 5.1%Politically Left Leaning Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Sam Stein: 0.4%The Bulwark: 0.6%Politically Right Leaning Bias0.0%This article: 32.8%Sam Stein: 24.3%The Bulwark: 4.1%Attempt to Sell a Product or S…32.8%

271 words analyzed.

Speakers

6speakers27%attributed speech199writer words
Voice mapSelect a segment to jump to its words
Writer's voice • 3 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 4 words • 0.0% coverageThe Bulwark • 12 words • 100.0% coverageSam Stein • 5 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 33 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 9 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 8 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 15 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 11 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 17 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 15 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 10 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 2 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 8 words • 100.0% coverageSam Stein • 6 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 8 words • 100.0% coverageSarah Longwell • 7 words • 0.0% coverageWilliam Kristol • 9 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 8 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 11 words • 100.0% coverageTim Miller • 8 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 14 words • 100.0% coverageCatherine Rampell • 5 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 13 words • 100.0% coverageTim Miller • 12 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 3 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 7 words • 100.0% coverageSam Stein • 8 words • 0.0% coverage
Selected voice

Tim Miller

100%flagged-word coverage
20 attributed words28% of attributed speech100% writer coverage
0%25.0%50.0%Biased Writer Voice-45.7 ptsWriter: 45.7%Tim Miller: 0.0%0.0%Attempt to Sell a Product -38.7 ptsWriter: 38.7%Tim Miller: 0.0%0.0%Quote-first Misdirection-15.1 ptsWriter: 15.1%Tim Miller: 0.0%0.0%Indoctrination-5.5 ptsWriter: 5.5%Tim Miller: 0.0%0.0%

Attribution is sentence-level. Pattern percentages are calculated only from words assigned to that voice.

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Analysis

Hover over highlighted words in the article to view the associated bias or fallacy analysis.