STLPR⁠0%

Photos: St. Louis celebrates America's 250th Independence Day ⁠5%

By Charlotte Keene⁠0%

7/4/2026, 4:07:50 PM

BS Summary: This article contains 6 faulty reasoning types, including Optimism Bias, Biased Writer Voice, and Attempt to Sell a Product or Service, with False Dilemma as the most egregious example at 23.1% saturation with 24 hits. Analysis detected 61 faulty-reasoning hits from 104 analyzed words, generating a BS Score of 20.4% and a BS Rank of ⁠5% (20,825 of 21,887 articles). This article is better (less manipulative) than 95.10% of the article peer group.

Despite weather delays across the region, St. 
Louis-area communities celebrated America’s 250th Independence Day with added flair. 
In the Metro East, Alton residents gathered to watch a fireworks spectacular over the Clark Bridge on Friday night. 
The next morning, Columbia, Illinois-area residents donned their red, white and blue for the community's annual parade through town. 
Celebrate St. 
Louis cancelled its annual parade after torrential rainfall struck the region, but announced that the Saturday night fireworks show would go on as planned. 
See photos from this year’s festivities by St. 
Louis Public Radio’s visual intern Charlotte Keene. 
Article reasoning-pattern comparisonThis article: 0.0%Charlotte Keene: 0.7%Belleville News-Democrat: 2.4%Confirmation Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Charlotte Keene: 0.0%Belleville News-Democrat: 1.2%Anchoring Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Charlotte Keene: 1.7%Belleville News-Democrat: 2.7%Availability Heuristic0.0%This article: 0.0%Charlotte Keene: 1.4%Belleville News-Democrat: 0.8%Representativeness Heuristic0.0%This article: 0.0%Charlotte Keene: 0.0%Belleville News-Democrat: 0.5%Hindsight Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Charlotte Keene: 0.0%Belleville News-Democrat: 1.4%Overconfidence Bias0.0%This article: 6.7%Charlotte Keene: 4.3%Belleville News-Democrat: 7.3%Framing Effect6.7%This article: 0.0%Charlotte Keene: 1.5%Belleville News-Democrat: 1.1%Loss Aversion0.0%This article: 0.0%Charlotte Keene: 0.0%Belleville News-Democrat: 1.0%Status Quo Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Charlotte Keene: 1.2%Belleville News-Democrat: 0.3%Sunk Cost Effect0.0%This article: 9.6%Charlotte Keene: 2.4%Belleville News-Democrat: 4.8%Optimism Bias9.6%This article: 0.0%Charlotte Keene: 0.4%Belleville News-Democrat: 1.9%Pessimism Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Charlotte Keene: 2.1%Belleville News-Democrat: 7.1%Negativity Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Charlotte Keene: 1.1%Belleville News-Democrat: 3.1%Self-Serving Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Charlotte Keene: 0.3%Belleville News-Democrat: 0.9%Fundamental Attribution Error0.0%This article: 0.0%Charlotte Keene: 0.0%Belleville News-Democrat: 0.2%Actor-Observer Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Charlotte Keene: 5.6%Belleville News-Democrat: 2.2%In-Group Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Charlotte Keene: 0.0%Belleville News-Democrat: 0.5%Out-Group Homogeneity Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Charlotte Keene: 6.1%Belleville News-Democrat: 2.4%Halo Effect0.0%This article: 0.0%Charlotte Keene: 0.3%Belleville News-Democrat: 0.1%Horn Effect0.0%This article: 0.0%Charlotte Keene: 0.0%Belleville News-Democrat: 0.0%Dunning-Kruger Effect0.0%This article: 0.0%Charlotte Keene: 0.6%Belleville News-Democrat: 1.0%Recency Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Charlotte Keene: 0.6%Belleville News-Democrat: 0.3%Primacy Effect0.0%This article: 0.0%Charlotte Keene: 0.0%Belleville News-Democrat: 0.1%Blind-Spot Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Charlotte Keene: 0.0%Belleville News-Democrat: 0.5%Ad Hominem0.0%This article: 0.0%Charlotte Keene: 0.0%Belleville News-Democrat: 0.4%Straw Man0.0%This article: 0.0%Charlotte Keene: 0.6%Belleville News-Democrat: 3.6%Appeal to Authority0.0%This article: 23.1%Charlotte Keene: 0.7%Belleville News-Democrat: 1.3%False Dilemma23.1%This article: 0.0%Charlotte Keene: 0.0%Belleville News-Democrat: 0.9%Slippery Slope0.0%This article: 0.0%Charlotte Keene: 0.4%Belleville News-Democrat: 0.2%Circular Reasoning0.0%This article: 0.0%Charlotte Keene: 1.6%Belleville News-Democrat: 3.7%Hasty Generalization0.0%This article: 0.0%Charlotte Keene: 0.0%Belleville News-Democrat: 0.3%Red Herring0.0%This article: 0.0%Charlotte Keene: 0.6%Belleville News-Democrat: 0.7%Bandwagon0.0%This article: 0.0%Charlotte Keene: 15.3%Belleville News-Democrat: 6.6%Appeal to Emotion0.0%This article: 0.0%Charlotte Keene: 0.0%Belleville News-Democrat: 0.8%Begging the Question0.0%This article: 0.0%Charlotte Keene: 0.6%Belleville News-Democrat: 2.1%Post Hoc (False Cause)0.0%This article: 0.0%Charlotte Keene: 0.0%Belleville News-Democrat: 0.1%Tu Quoque0.0%This article: 0.0%Charlotte Keene: 0.0%Belleville News-Democrat: 0.4%Burden of Proof0.0%This article: 0.0%Charlotte Keene: 0.0%Belleville News-Democrat: 0.2%Appeal to Nature0.0%This article: 0.0%Charlotte Keene: 0.6%Belleville News-Democrat: 0.2%Composition/Division0.0%This article: 0.0%Charlotte Keene: 4.9%Belleville News-Democrat: 2.6%Anecdotal0.0%This article: 0.0%Charlotte Keene: 0.5%Belleville News-Democrat: 0.1%No True Scotsman0.0%This article: 0.0%Charlotte Keene: 1.4%Belleville News-Democrat: 1.3%Ambiguity (Equivocation)0.0%This article: 0.0%Charlotte Keene: 0.0%Belleville News-Democrat: 0.0%Gambler’s Fallacy0.0%This article: 0.0%Charlotte Keene: 0.0%Belleville News-Democrat: 0.1%Middle Ground0.0%This article: 0.0%Charlotte Keene: 0.0%Belleville News-Democrat: 0.1%Personal Incredulity0.0%This article: 0.0%Charlotte Keene: 0.0%Belleville News-Democrat: 0.2%Special Pleading0.0%This article: 0.0%Charlotte Keene: 0.0%Belleville News-Democrat: 0.2%Genetic Fallacy0.0%This article: 0.0%Charlotte Keene: 1.2%Belleville News-Democrat: 0.8%Unattributed Quote0.0%This article: 0.0%Charlotte Keene: 2.9%Belleville News-Democrat: 0.9%Quote-first Misdirection0.0%This article: 9.6%Charlotte Keene: 2.9%Belleville News-Democrat: 1.8%Biased Writer Voice9.6%This article: 1.9%Charlotte Keene: 2.2%Belleville News-Democrat: 1.1%Indoctrination1.9%This article: 0.0%Charlotte Keene: 0.0%Belleville News-Democrat: 0.8%Politically Left Leaning Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Charlotte Keene: 0.0%Belleville News-Democrat: 0.2%Politically Right Leaning Bias0.0%This article: 7.7%Charlotte Keene: 0.2%Belleville News-Democrat: 0.7%Attempt to Sell a Product or S…7.7%

104 words analyzed.

Speakers

1speaker6.7%attributed speech97writer words
Voice mapSelect a segment to jump to its words
Writer's voice • 2 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 6 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 7 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 10 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 19 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 19 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 2 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 24 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 8 words • 100.0% coverageCharlotte Keene • 7 words • 0.0% coverage
Selected voice

Charlotte Keene

0%flagged-word coverage
7 attributed words100% of attributed speech53% writer coverage
0%7.5%15.0%Biased Writer Voice-10.3 ptsWriter: 10.3%Charlotte Keene: 0.0%0.0%Attempt to Sell a Product -8.2 ptsWriter: 8.2%Charlotte Keene: 0.0%0.0%Indoctrination-2.1 ptsWriter: 2.1%Charlotte Keene: 0.0%0.0%

Attribution is sentence-level. Pattern percentages are calculated only from words assigned to that voice.

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Analysis

Hover over highlighted words in the article to view the associated bias or fallacy analysis.