BS Summary: This article contains 36 faulty reasoning types, including Hasty Generalization, Negativity Bias, and Appeal to Emotion, with Biased Writer Voice as the most egregious example at 43.1% saturation with 485 hits. Analysis detected 3,561 faulty-reasoning hits from 1,126 analyzed words, generating a BS Score of 68.2% and a BS Rank of 77% (5,068 of 21,166 articles). This article is worse (more manipulative) than 76.10% of the article peer group.

The Democratic Socialists are right: This is no time for half measures. 
If the United States is to thrive for another 250 years, we must commit ourselves to a profoundly radical vision of the future. 
Our present divisions, strains, and discontents are so severe, they demand nothing less than a revolutionary response  one that reimagines our relationship to each other and our government. 
This is a daunting task. 
Fortunately, there is a simple principle that can guide us: 
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. 
Though proclaimed in Philadelphia in 1776, those stirring words from the Declaration of Independence remain the most revolutionary platform ever endorsed by a political body. 
Their radicalism is unmatched because they negate the basic tendency of all governments to extend dominion over the people they rule. 
Their message represents such a thorough break from historic norms that other ideologies claiming the mantle of radicalism  especially Marxists and the woke ideology embraced by the Democrat Socialists  are exposed as reactionary efforts to restore top-down systems. 
For almost all of history  from the epochs of pharaohs, emperors, and kings to the modern bureaucratic states  governments have been potently hierarchical. 
A small coterie of leaders held strict control over their people, whom they directed as they saw fit. 
Citizens were not individuals with agency but members of a collective whose ultimate purpose was to serve the group at the discretion of rulers who knew best. 
As American schoolchildren were once taught, the Declaration  and later, the Constitution  upended all of that. 
Rather than focus on the authority of government, our founding documents established the rights of the people. 
The idea that each of us is endowed by a creator with “unalienable” rights was a political rather than a religious statement: It set sharp lines  later codified in the Bill of Rights  that our government could not cross. 
Human rights, dignity, and freedom were not granted by rulers, who could take them away; they were birthrights. 
A nation whose people are free to define life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness as they see fit proved to be a far more radical proposition than mere democracy. 
Citizens were not simply empowered every once in a while to decide how they would be ruled; they were allowed broad space to direct themselves, and hence the country, through their choices. 
The success of the Revolution, already in full swing by the summer of 1776, is self-evident. 
America became a beacon to the world’s huddled masses precisely because it afforded freedoms available nowhere else. 
We became the most innovative nation on earth  one whose can-do know-how has lifted up almost everyone on the planet  by allowing people the opportunity, if they seized it, to become the best versions of themselves. 
Our founding vision advanced the truly radical proposition that millions of self-directed people  thinking and acting with freedom  were more likely to create a just and prosperous society than a handful of powerful rulers. 
Wisdom inheres in the crowd. 
It is hard to think of a more optimistic view of humanity than the idea that all people are created equal, because it suggests that all of us, no matter our birth or station, might have the capacity for greatness. 
The fact that few of us turn out to be Benjamin Franklin, Harriet Tubman, or Thomas Edison only underscores our belief that we should all have the opportunity to see if we might be and, at the very least, be allowed to lead lives of dignity and respect. 
The genius of America is its abiding paradox: We are the most forward-thinking nation because we are so backward-looking to our radical roots. 
America has never completely lived up to these ideals. 
But that only underscores the radical nature of our founding. 
The problems that have bedeviled us  especially slavery and the frequent uses of state power against free citizens  have beset all people. 
The difference is the Declaration and Constitution gave us a set of soaring ideals to strive for. 
(Or toward.) 
James Madison was correct when he observed that, “If men were angels, no government would be necessary.” 
A free people will often make bad choices  they will exercise their own authority for good and ill. 
But the Founders also recognized that a system based on the selfish decisions of millions of people is far more self-correcting than one directed by a small number of leaders. 
That’s why they created a government that made it hard to get things done. 
Their goal, the historian Richard Hofstadter observed, was to “check interest with interest, class with class, faction with faction, and one branch of government with another in a harmonious system of mutual frustration.” 
Nevertheless, especially since the rise of progressivism in the early 20th century, government has become ever more powerful in our nation. 
In our complex world, the promise that learned experts can solve our problems is attractive. 
The politician who has a plan for everything can seem more compelling than one who tells us it will all work out if we just trust in one another. 
This helps explain why both socialism and President Trump’s strongman politics dominate our country today. 
More and more people want government to fix seemingly intractable problems  never mind that many of them were created by government overreach. 
History teaches that when people allow the authorities to take more power, they will. 
This was the dynamic that Thomas Jefferson was contemplating when he asked, “What country can preserve its liberties if their rulers are not warned from time to time that their people preserve the spirit of resistance?” 
Today, many Americans rightly feel the need for resistance. 
But in a dark mirror reflection of American history, we are battling each other instead of our leaders. 
Rather than insisting on more freedom, we seem bent on investing even more authority in government to run our lives and decide our fate. 
We are allowing ourselves to become puppets rather than puppeteers. 
That old way of running things did not work in 1776; it doesn’t in 2026. 
As we watch the skies alight with fireworks Saturday night, we should remember what we are celebrating: a radical vision that promised government of the people, by the people, and for the people. 
This truly radical proposition is what makes America exceptional. 
We squander this legacy at our peril. 
J. 
Peder Zane is an editor for RealClearInvestigations and a columnist for RealClearPolitics. 
Follow him on X @jpederzane. 
Article reasoning-pattern comparisonThis article: 11.0%J. Peder Zane: 5.3%RealClearPolitics: 4.9%Confirmation Bias11.0%This article: 3.6%J. Peder Zane: 0.9%RealClearPolitics: 1.0%Anchoring Bias3.6%This article: 12.5%J. Peder Zane: 4.2%RealClearPolitics: 2.3%Availability Heuristic12.5%This article: 4.7%J. Peder Zane: 1.2%RealClearPolitics: 1.0%Representativeness Heuristic4.7%This article: 1.4%J. Peder Zane: 0.7%RealClearPolitics: 1.3%Hindsight Bias1.4%This article: 0.0%J. Peder Zane: 1.8%RealClearPolitics: 3.1%Overconfidence Bias0.0%This article: 6.3%J. Peder Zane: 3.9%RealClearPolitics: 6.8%Framing Effect6.3%This article: 3.6%J. Peder Zane: 0.9%RealClearPolitics: 0.4%Loss Aversion3.6%This article: 0.0%J. Peder Zane: 0.0%RealClearPolitics: 0.3%Status Quo Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%J. Peder Zane: 0.0%RealClearPolitics: 0.4%Sunk Cost Effect0.0%This article: 18.9%J. Peder Zane: 9.4%RealClearPolitics: 4.2%Optimism Bias18.9%This article: 5.2%J. Peder Zane: 1.3%RealClearPolitics: 1.7%Pessimism Bias5.2%This article: 21.0%J. Peder Zane: 5.9%RealClearPolitics: 8.4%Negativity Bias21.0%This article: 0.0%J. Peder Zane: 1.0%RealClearPolitics: 1.4%Self-Serving Bias0.0%This article: 1.6%J. Peder Zane: 0.4%RealClearPolitics: 1.2%Fundamental Attribution Error1.6%This article: 0.0%J. Peder Zane: 0.0%RealClearPolitics: 0.0%Actor-Observer Bias0.0%This article: 5.4%J. Peder Zane: 3.5%RealClearPolitics: 4.4%In-Group Bias5.4%This article: 5.7%J. Peder Zane: 3.2%RealClearPolitics: 3.4%Out-Group Homogeneity Bias5.7%This article: 8.4%J. Peder Zane: 2.1%RealClearPolitics: 1.6%Halo Effect8.4%This article: 0.0%J. Peder Zane: 0.0%RealClearPolitics: 0.3%Horn Effect0.0%This article: 0.0%J. Peder Zane: 0.0%RealClearPolitics: 0.1%Dunning-Kruger Effect0.0%This article: 7.5%J. Peder Zane: 1.9%RealClearPolitics: 0.9%Recency Bias7.5%This article: 1.6%J. Peder Zane: 0.4%RealClearPolitics: 0.9%Primacy Effect1.6%This article: 0.0%J. Peder Zane: 0.0%RealClearPolitics: 0.0%Blind-Spot Bias0.0%This article: 3.6%J. Peder Zane: 0.9%RealClearPolitics: 1.6%Ad Hominem3.6%This article: 4.9%J. Peder Zane: 4.5%RealClearPolitics: 3.2%Straw Man4.9%This article: 10.7%J. Peder Zane: 4.2%RealClearPolitics: 4.4%Appeal to Authority10.7%This article: 7.8%J. Peder Zane: 9.3%RealClearPolitics: 3.2%False Dilemma7.8%This article: 6.0%J. Peder Zane: 2.3%RealClearPolitics: 0.6%Slippery Slope6.0%This article: 0.0%J. Peder Zane: 0.2%RealClearPolitics: 0.1%Circular Reasoning0.0%This article: 32.9%J. Peder Zane: 23.8%RealClearPolitics: 13.1%Hasty Generalization32.9%This article: 0.0%J. Peder Zane: 0.0%RealClearPolitics: 0.2%Red Herring0.0%This article: 1.9%J. Peder Zane: 0.5%RealClearPolitics: 0.5%Bandwagon1.9%This article: 19.1%J. Peder Zane: 10.5%RealClearPolitics: 8.4%Appeal to Emotion19.1%This article: 11.2%J. Peder Zane: 4.4%RealClearPolitics: 2.5%Begging the Question11.2%This article: 11.5%J. Peder Zane: 3.4%RealClearPolitics: 2.8%Post Hoc (False Cause)11.5%This article: 2.0%J. Peder Zane: 0.5%RealClearPolitics: 0.1%Tu Quoque2.0%This article: 0.0%J. Peder Zane: 0.0%RealClearPolitics: 0.3%Burden of Proof0.0%This article: 0.0%J. Peder Zane: 0.0%RealClearPolitics: 0.0%Appeal to Nature0.0%This article: 2.0%J. Peder Zane: 0.5%RealClearPolitics: 0.8%Composition/Division2.0%This article: 0.0%J. Peder Zane: 0.0%RealClearPolitics: 1.8%Anecdotal0.0%This article: 3.6%J. Peder Zane: 0.9%RealClearPolitics: 0.4%No True Scotsman3.6%This article: 5.0%J. Peder Zane: 1.2%RealClearPolitics: 1.2%Ambiguity (Equivocation)5.0%This article: 0.0%J. Peder Zane: 0.0%RealClearPolitics: 0.0%Gambler’s Fallacy0.0%This article: 0.0%J. Peder Zane: 0.0%RealClearPolitics: 0.1%Middle Ground0.0%This article: 0.0%J. Peder Zane: 0.0%RealClearPolitics: 0.0%Personal Incredulity0.0%This article: 0.0%J. Peder Zane: 0.0%RealClearPolitics: 0.0%Special Pleading0.0%This article: 0.0%J. Peder Zane: 0.0%RealClearPolitics: 0.2%Genetic Fallacy0.0%This article: 3.1%J. Peder Zane: 2.3%RealClearPolitics: 1.2%Unattributed Quote3.1%This article: 13.7%J. Peder Zane: 3.4%RealClearPolitics: 1.8%Quote-first Misdirection13.7%This article: 43.1%J. Peder Zane: 17.1%RealClearPolitics: 4.9%Biased Writer Voice43.1%This article: 4.7%J. Peder Zane: 3.9%RealClearPolitics: 5.2%Indoctrination4.7%This article: 0.0%J. Peder Zane: 0.0%RealClearPolitics: 1.3%Politically Left Leaning Bias0.0%This article: 9.7%J. Peder Zane: 11.2%RealClearPolitics: 4.9%Politically Right Leaning Bias9.7%This article: 1.5%J. Peder Zane: 0.5%RealClearPolitics: 1.3%Attempt to Sell a Product or S…1.5%

1126 words analyzed.

Speakers

3speakers7.6%attributed speech1,040writer words
Voice mapSelect a segment to jump to its words
Writer's voice • 6 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 12 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 23 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 29 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 5 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 10 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 35 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 25 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 21 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 40 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 25 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 18 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 27 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 18 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 17 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 41 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 18 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 30 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 32 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 16 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 17 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 38 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 36 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 5 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 40 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 48 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 23 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 9 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 10 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 24 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 17 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 2 words • 0.0% coverageJames Madison • 17 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 19 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 30 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 14 words • 100.0% coverageRichard Hofstadter • 33 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 21 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 15 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 29 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 15 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 23 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 14 words • 100.0% coverageThomas Jefferson • 36 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 9 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 18 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 24 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 10 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 15 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 33 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 9 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 7 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 1 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 12 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 5 words • 100.0% coverage
Selected voice

Thomas Jefferson

100%flagged-word coverage
36 attributed words42% of attributed speech100% writer coverage
0%50.0%100.0%Quote-first Misdirection+93.5 ptsWriter: 6.5%Thomas Jefferson: 100.0%100.0%Biased Writer Voice-46.6 ptsWriter: 46.6%Thomas Jefferson: 0.0%0.0%Politically Right Leaning -10.5 ptsWriter: 10.5%Thomas Jefferson: 0.0%0.0%Indoctrination-5.1 ptsWriter: 5.1%Thomas Jefferson: 0.0%0.0%Unattributed Quote-3.4 ptsWriter: 3.4%Thomas Jefferson: 0.0%0.0%Attempt to Sell a Product -1.6 ptsWriter: 1.6%Thomas Jefferson: 0.0%0.0%

Attribution is sentence-level. Pattern percentages are calculated only from words assigned to that voice.

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Analysis

Hover over highlighted words in the article to view the associated bias or fallacy analysis.