The Next 250 Years (of Persuasion) 89%

By Yascha Mounk19%

7/9/2026, 10:02:34 AM

BS Summary: This article contains 30 faulty reasoning types, including Framing Effect, Appeal to Emotion, and Biased Writer Voice, with Attempt to Sell a Product or Service as the most egregious example at 66.9% saturation with 494 hits. Analysis detected 2,212 faulty-reasoning hits from 738 analyzed words, generating a BS Score of 82.1% and a BS Rank of 89% (2,445 of 21,887 articles). This article is worse (more manipulative) than 88.80% of the article peer group.

America just turned 250… and Persuasion just turned six! 
Yascha founded Persuasion in the divisive summer of 2020. 
Our mission was to revive the tradition of philosophical liberalism at a time when polarization and groupthink were taking hold of the country. 
That same year, Frank launched American Purpose . 
Its founding mission was to track the rise of authoritarianism around the world and to offer a vision of liberalism reimagined for the 21st century. 
Driven by a shared sense of purpose, the two joined forces in 2024. 
Since then, our community has grown to 130,000 subscribers representing 174 countries around the world. 
We’re grateful every day for the trust you’ve placed in us. 
Paying Persuasion subscribers are invited to join our Intellectual Bootcamp , where we read classic articles and books that help make sense of the modern world. 
So far it’s been an enormous success! 
Check out our events page to learn what we’re reading next. 
By now, you know what we stand for. 
Liberalism, not authoritarianism. 
Pluralism, not conformity. 
Free speech, not censorship. 
We disagree and debate but don’t troll. 
We write about the liberal values that animated the Founding Fathers 250 years ago precisely because they light the only path out of the mess we find ourselves in today. 
We also cover AI, elections, campus dynamics, and so much more, because these are the fights that matter. 
And we do it all with good humor and a sense of moral purpose. 
The last year has been a big one for Persuasion . 
We significantly expanded our output—new articles, episodes, and events now reach you six days a week. 
We formally welcomed a new group of Contributing Writers to the team, including Steven Pinker, Cathy Young, Joseph Heath, John McWhorter , and many more. 
They’ve been frequent guests in our pages, and their writing epitomizes our commitment to rigorous yet lively content that challenges our thinking and expands our understanding. 
They help us keep a disciplined eye on what’s truly important, not just trendy narratives and flash-in-the-pan clickbait. 
You’ll find some of our all-time favorite pieces from these writers below. 
We’ve also relaunched our events lineup and programming —including Ask the Author, Book Club, and Intellectual Bootcamp —to offer you more opportunities to talk to our writers, engage with the Persuasion team, and connect with one another. 
In celebration of Persuasion ’s 6 th birthday, we want to thank you for your support . 
Persuasion is growing and thriving because you read our pages, listen to our podcasts, and participate in our events. 
But here’s the truth: this work is only possible because some of you pay for it. 
Of our 130,000 subscribers, a small fraction of paying supporters funds what you receive here—the essays, podcasts, and events we produce. 
If Persuasion has challenged your thinking, given you a political home, or simply helped keep you sane these past six years, this is the year to join. 
If you’re a free subscriber, upgrade this month and we’ll knock 15% off your first year. 
Our birthday offer ends July 31. 
As a paid subscriber, you’ll get full access to our archives and exclusive programming like the Intellectual Bootcamp. 
But more than that, you’ll be one of the people who keeps this work going. 
Get 15% off for 1 year 
Do you know someone who feels politically homeless, or a student who could use a dose of sanity on a fractious college campus? 
Give them a year of Persuasion . 
Give a gift subscription 
Persuasion is a registered nonprofit, so if you’d rather support us with a one-time, tax-deductible donation, every gift helps. 
Make a donation 
And if you’re able to make a significant gift—or you’re a program officer at a foundation weighing where to invest—please email Laura Berlind directly at laura.berlind@persuasion.community . 
Help us make sure the values that built America’s first 250 years are still standing for the next 250. 
With thanks, as ever. 
 Yascha and Frank 
P.S. 
The 15% birthday discount ends July 31— upgrade here and join the readers who make Persuasion possible. 
The best of the contributing writers: 
Follow Persuasion on X , Instagram , LinkedIn , and YouTube to keep up with our latest articles, podcasts, and events, as well as updates from excellent writers across our network. 
And, to receive pieces like this in your inbox and support our work, subscribe below: 
Subscribe now 
Article reasoning-pattern comparisonThis article: 7.7%Yascha Mounk: 2.8%Persuasion: 3.6%Confirmation Bias7.7%This article: 3.4%Yascha Mounk: 0.6%Persuasion: 0.7%Anchoring Bias3.4%This article: 6.1%Yascha Mounk: 1.6%Persuasion: 2.6%Availability Heuristic6.1%This article: 4.9%Yascha Mounk: 0.9%Persuasion: 1.0%Representativeness Heuristic4.9%This article: 0.0%Yascha Mounk: 0.6%Persuasion: 0.6%Hindsight Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Yascha Mounk: 3.3%Persuasion: 3.3%Overconfidence Bias0.0%This article: 21.0%Yascha Mounk: 1.6%Persuasion: 3.1%Framing Effect21.0%This article: 14.4%Yascha Mounk: 0.2%Persuasion: 0.3%Loss Aversion14.4%This article: 6.6%Yascha Mounk: 0.3%Persuasion: 0.3%Status Quo Bias6.6%This article: 0.0%Yascha Mounk: 0.2%Persuasion: 0.2%Sunk Cost Effect0.0%This article: 4.3%Yascha Mounk: 1.3%Persuasion: 1.4%Optimism Bias4.3%This article: 0.0%Yascha Mounk: 0.6%Persuasion: 1.6%Pessimism Bias0.0%This article: 3.4%Yascha Mounk: 2.9%Persuasion: 5.1%Negativity Bias3.4%This article: 8.1%Yascha Mounk: 0.6%Persuasion: 0.5%Self-Serving Bias8.1%This article: 5.6%Yascha Mounk: 0.6%Persuasion: 0.8%Fundamental Attribution Error5.6%This article: 0.0%Yascha Mounk: 0.2%Persuasion: 0.2%Actor-Observer Bias0.0%This article: 11.8%Yascha Mounk: 1.0%Persuasion: 1.3%In-Group Bias11.8%This article: 0.0%Yascha Mounk: 0.9%Persuasion: 0.8%Out-Group Homogeneity Bias0.0%This article: 13.4%Yascha Mounk: 0.7%Persuasion: 1.0%Halo Effect13.4%This article: 0.0%Yascha Mounk: 0.0%Persuasion: 0.1%Horn Effect0.0%This article: 0.0%Yascha Mounk: 0.0%Persuasion: 0.0%Dunning-Kruger Effect0.0%This article: 2.3%Yascha Mounk: 0.8%Persuasion: 0.9%Recency Bias2.3%This article: 5.4%Yascha Mounk: 0.4%Persuasion: 0.4%Primacy Effect5.4%This article: 0.0%Yascha Mounk: 0.1%Persuasion: 0.1%Blind-Spot Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Yascha Mounk: 0.5%Persuasion: 0.7%Ad Hominem0.0%This article: 0.0%Yascha Mounk: 1.3%Persuasion: 1.7%Straw Man0.0%This article: 13.7%Yascha Mounk: 2.9%Persuasion: 3.1%Appeal to Authority13.7%This article: 7.6%Yascha Mounk: 3.4%Persuasion: 3.3%False Dilemma7.6%This article: 0.0%Yascha Mounk: 0.8%Persuasion: 1.6%Slippery Slope0.0%This article: 3.5%Yascha Mounk: 0.1%Persuasion: 0.1%Circular Reasoning3.5%This article: 2.4%Yascha Mounk: 10.3%Persuasion: 10.3%Hasty Generalization2.4%This article: 2.4%Yascha Mounk: 0.2%Persuasion: 0.2%Red Herring2.4%This article: 4.3%Yascha Mounk: 0.3%Persuasion: 0.4%Bandwagon4.3%This article: 21.0%Yascha Mounk: 2.5%Persuasion: 3.1%Appeal to Emotion21.0%This article: 5.8%Yascha Mounk: 0.9%Persuasion: 1.1%Begging the Question5.8%This article: 2.6%Yascha Mounk: 3.8%Persuasion: 3.2%Post Hoc (False Cause)2.6%This article: 0.0%Yascha Mounk: 0.0%Persuasion: 0.1%Tu Quoque0.0%This article: 0.0%Yascha Mounk: 0.2%Persuasion: 0.3%Burden of Proof0.0%This article: 0.0%Yascha Mounk: 0.5%Persuasion: 0.4%Appeal to Nature0.0%This article: 0.0%Yascha Mounk: 0.5%Persuasion: 0.7%Composition/Division0.0%This article: 0.0%Yascha Mounk: 2.7%Persuasion: 2.8%Anecdotal0.0%This article: 0.0%Yascha Mounk: 0.2%Persuasion: 0.2%No True Scotsman0.0%This article: 12.1%Yascha Mounk: 2.0%Persuasion: 1.8%Ambiguity (Equivocation)12.1%This article: 0.0%Yascha Mounk: 0.0%Persuasion: 0.0%Gambler’s Fallacy0.0%This article: 0.0%Yascha Mounk: 0.2%Persuasion: 0.2%Middle Ground0.0%This article: 0.0%Yascha Mounk: 0.1%Persuasion: 0.1%Personal Incredulity0.0%This article: 0.0%Yascha Mounk: 0.1%Persuasion: 0.1%Special Pleading0.0%This article: 0.0%Yascha Mounk: 0.2%Persuasion: 0.2%Genetic Fallacy0.0%This article: 0.0%Yascha Mounk: 0.4%Persuasion: 0.8%Unattributed Quote0.0%This article: 0.0%Yascha Mounk: 0.1%Persuasion: 0.6%Quote-first Misdirection0.0%This article: 20.3%Yascha Mounk: 0.5%Persuasion: 4.1%Biased Writer Voice20.3%This article: 10.7%Yascha Mounk: 0.7%Persuasion: 1.5%Indoctrination10.7%This article: 3.8%Yascha Mounk: 0.2%Persuasion: 0.9%Politically Left Leaning Bias3.8%This article: 4.1%Yascha Mounk: 0.1%Persuasion: 0.3%Politically Right Leaning Bias4.1%This article: 66.9%Yascha Mounk: 1.8%Persuasion: 2.9%Attempt to Sell a Product or S…66.9%

738 words analyzed.

Speakers

5speakers12%attributed speech646writer words
Voice mapSelect a segment to jump to its words
Writer's voice • 6 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 9 words • 0.0% coverageYascha • 9 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 23 words • 100.0% coverageFrank • 8 words • 0.0% coverageAmerican Purpose • 25 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 13 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 15 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 11 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 26 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 7 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 11 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 8 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 3 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 3 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 4 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 7 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 30 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 18 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 14 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 11 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 16 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 25 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 26 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 18 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 12 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 37 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 17 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 19 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 16 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 21 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 27 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 16 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 6 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 18 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 15 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 6 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 23 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 7 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 4 words • 100.0% coveragePersuasion • 19 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 3 words • 100.0% coverageLaura Berlind • 27 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 19 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 4 words • 0.0% coverageYascha • 4 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 1 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 17 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 6 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 31 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 15 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 2 words • 100.0% coverage
Selected voice

American Purpose

100%flagged-word coverage
25 attributed words27% of attributed speech99% writer coverage
0%50.0%100.0%Politically Left Leaning B+99.5 ptsWriter: 0.5%American Purpose: 100.0%100.0%Biased Writer Voice+82.0 ptsWriter: 18.0%American Purpose: 100.0%100.0%Attempt to Sell a Product -69.3 ptsWriter: 69.3%American Purpose: 0.0%0.0%Indoctrination-12.2 ptsWriter: 12.2%American Purpose: 0.0%0.0%Politically Right Leaning -4.6 ptsWriter: 4.6%American Purpose: 0.0%0.0%

Attribution is sentence-level. Pattern percentages are calculated only from words assigned to that voice.

Loading…
Loading…
Loading…
Loading…

Analysis

Hover over highlighted words in the article to view the associated bias or fallacy analysis.