BS Summary: This article contains 31 faulty reasoning types, including Appeal to Emotion, Framing Effect, and Anecdotal, with Negativity Bias as the most egregious example at 22.3% saturation with 203 hits. Analysis detected 1,929 faulty-reasoning hits from 910 analyzed words, generating a BS Score of 47% and a BS Rank of 44% (11,994 of 21,165 articles). This article is better (less manipulative) than 56.70% of the article peer group.

False evidence ploys, hefty cash payments and jail cells outfitted with recording devices. 
These are the staples of a so-called Perkins operation: A controversial law enforcement tactic in which a police officer or civilian poses as an incarcerated person to elicit incriminating statements from a suspect. 
Perkins operations are widespread in California and have helped secure hundreds of murder convictions. 
District attorneys laud them as a powerful investigative tool to solve crimes. 
But critics say law enforcement has gone too far, arguing that the operations are coercive, risk false confessions and disproportionately target Black and Latino people. 
Michelle Luna Reynoso, criminal defense attorney: “It’s psychological war. 
How is this not considered cruel and unusual punishment?” 
Those concerns are highlighted in cases that have piled up before the California Supreme Court this year to challenge convictions involving Perkins operations. 
Some defendants allege undercover operatives coaxed them to waive their Miranda rights before talking to the police. 
In others, defendants argue agents coerced them into making incriminating statements after they invoked their Miranda rights. 
That was the case for Jason Zapata, who was arrested in Riverside County in 2015 when he was 24. 
He was thrown in a holding cell with two older men who told him they were gang members in custody for murder. 
As they boasted about their violent past and pressed him about his charges, Zapata came to believe he was in imminent danger so he eventually told them what they wanted to hear. 
Jason Zapata: “Your life is in their hands. 
Anything could happen to you in that type of environment. 
Not everybody makes it out. 
You gotta do what you need to do to survive in this place.” 
CalMatters filed dozens of public records act requests to learn more about these operations and worked with attorneys to obtain documents agencies refused to release. 
Read more about what we found in our investigation. 
CalMatters’ 11th anniversary drive: Double your gift and fund independent reporting that helps you vote with confidence, follow the facts and hold the powerful accountable. 
Every gift makes a difference, please give now. 
CA sues to halt Paramount merger 
California is suing to stop the proposed merger of Warner Bros. and Paramount in what would be a $110 billion deal between the two conglomerates spanning news and entertainment. 
California Attorney General Rob Bonta filed the lawsuit in the U.S. 
District Court for the Northern District of California, in coalition with 11 other attorneys general. 
The merger would “snuff out competition,” said Bonta during a press conference Monday  resulting in fewer movies, lower-quality content, rising movie ticket prices and limited choices with TV programs, including news, sports and kids entertainment. 
Bonta: “The resulting behemoth would control nearly one-third of theatrical motion pictures and nearly one-third of basic cable programming, including 50 of the most popular cable channels. 
 History has shown that consolidation in markets at the center of American economic life does not serve our economy, our consumers or competition.” 
Paramount’s CEO, David Ellison, is an ally of President Donald Trump. 
Under Trump, the Justice Department in June approved the merger, determining that it would not likely “result in harm to competition or American consumers.” 
Big year at CalPERS 
California’s largest public pension fund said Monday that it gained nearly 15% of its investment portfolio, ending the 2025-26 financial year with a portfolio worth $637.1 billion, writes CalMatters’ Adam Ashton. 
It’s the second straight year of double-digit returns for the fund, and the third consecutive year it beat its target of 6.8%. 
Though CalPERS remains underfunded, the latest numbers signal its recovery from its losses during the Great Recession, and its assets are now valued at 85% of what it owes to members. 
California police and fire unions are also calling on the Legislature to pass bills that would boost retirement benefits for public safety workers, and CalPERS’ report could reassure lawmakers to vote yes. 
Marcie Frost, CalPERS CEO, in a statement: “Our team has maintained a disciplined approach to building the health of the pension system  this effort is paying off for our 2.4 million members.” 
Read more. 
California Voices 
A bill that would make it illegal for sellers and manufacturers to call electric motorcycles e-bikes is a carefully considered response to safety concerns that does not curtail e-bike adoption, writes Paul Thornton, cofounder of the L.A.-based commentary and news analysis publication, Golden State. 
As prediction markets become more mainstream, policymakers need to act swiftly to regulate the platforms so they are transparent, safe and trustworthy, writes William Lu, San Diego-based public policy graduate student. 
Other things worth your time: 
Some stories may require a subscription to read. 
CA earmarks $40M to speed up vote counting in November  but elections officials want to temper expectations // The Mercury News 
Right-leaning billionaires help bankroll CA voter ID ballot measure // The Sacramento Bee 
LA therapists are seeing more young patients with gambling problems. 
They blame Kalshi // LAist 
Bay Area renters are cutting fossil fuels from their homes and commutes // KQED 
Environmental extremism or gold standard? 
Feds target CA coastal protections // inewsource 
CA lawmakers cry foul over new cap placed on film tax credits // Los Angeles Times 
CA lawmakers target price gouging at ICE detention facilities // Capital & Main 
ICE took her from her children. 
Here’s how lawyers raced to free her // San Francisco Chronicle 
Article reasoning-pattern comparisonThis article: 12.7%Cayla Mihalovich: 2.6%CalMatters: 2.6%Confirmation Bias12.7%This article: 6.2%Cayla Mihalovich: 0.3%CalMatters: 0.9%Anchoring Bias6.2%This article: 4.5%Cayla Mihalovich: 1.4%CalMatters: 2.3%Availability Heuristic4.5%This article: 0.0%Cayla Mihalovich: 1.3%CalMatters: 0.9%Representativeness Heuristic0.0%This article: 0.0%Cayla Mihalovich: 0.3%CalMatters: 0.4%Hindsight Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Cayla Mihalovich: 1.3%CalMatters: 0.9%Overconfidence Bias0.0%This article: 15.1%Cayla Mihalovich: 8.2%CalMatters: 6.0%Framing Effect15.1%This article: 2.3%Cayla Mihalovich: 0.1%CalMatters: 0.8%Loss Aversion2.3%This article: 0.0%Cayla Mihalovich: 0.6%CalMatters: 0.6%Status Quo Bias0.0%This article: 2.7%Cayla Mihalovich: 0.2%CalMatters: 0.2%Sunk Cost Effect2.7%This article: 10.2%Cayla Mihalovich: 1.1%CalMatters: 1.9%Optimism Bias10.2%This article: 5.5%Cayla Mihalovich: 0.8%CalMatters: 1.9%Pessimism Bias5.5%This article: 22.3%Cayla Mihalovich: 4.4%CalMatters: 7.7%Negativity Bias22.3%This article: 0.0%Cayla Mihalovich: 1.4%CalMatters: 1.7%Self-Serving Bias0.0%This article: 2.7%Cayla Mihalovich: 0.8%CalMatters: 1.0%Fundamental Attribution Error2.7%This article: 3.5%Cayla Mihalovich: 0.3%CalMatters: 0.2%Actor-Observer Bias3.5%This article: 2.7%Cayla Mihalovich: 0.5%CalMatters: 0.8%In-Group Bias2.7%This article: 1.2%Cayla Mihalovich: 0.2%CalMatters: 0.3%Out-Group Homogeneity Bias1.2%This article: 4.9%Cayla Mihalovich: 1.3%CalMatters: 1.4%Halo Effect4.9%This article: 0.0%Cayla Mihalovich: 0.0%CalMatters: 0.0%Horn Effect0.0%This article: 0.0%Cayla Mihalovich: 0.0%CalMatters: 0.0%Dunning-Kruger Effect0.0%This article: 7.6%Cayla Mihalovich: 0.8%CalMatters: 1.0%Recency Bias7.6%This article: 0.0%Cayla Mihalovich: 0.0%CalMatters: 0.2%Primacy Effect0.0%This article: 0.0%Cayla Mihalovich: 0.0%CalMatters: 0.0%Blind-Spot Bias0.0%This article: 4.4%Cayla Mihalovich: 0.7%CalMatters: 0.6%Ad Hominem4.4%This article: 0.0%Cayla Mihalovich: 0.0%CalMatters: 0.3%Straw Man0.0%This article: 10.2%Cayla Mihalovich: 4.2%CalMatters: 3.3%Appeal to Authority10.2%This article: 4.7%Cayla Mihalovich: 0.7%CalMatters: 1.0%False Dilemma4.7%This article: 0.0%Cayla Mihalovich: 0.7%CalMatters: 1.3%Slippery Slope0.0%This article: 0.0%Cayla Mihalovich: 0.0%CalMatters: 0.1%Circular Reasoning0.0%This article: 5.9%Cayla Mihalovich: 4.1%CalMatters: 3.8%Hasty Generalization5.9%This article: 1.2%Cayla Mihalovich: 0.1%CalMatters: 0.1%Red Herring1.2%This article: 3.5%Cayla Mihalovich: 0.3%CalMatters: 0.4%Bandwagon3.5%This article: 18.2%Cayla Mihalovich: 5.8%CalMatters: 5.3%Appeal to Emotion18.2%This article: 8.5%Cayla Mihalovich: 1.4%CalMatters: 0.8%Begging the Question8.5%This article: 11.4%Cayla Mihalovich: 1.6%CalMatters: 2.6%Post Hoc (False Cause)11.4%This article: 0.0%Cayla Mihalovich: 0.0%CalMatters: 0.0%Tu Quoque0.0%This article: 3.7%Cayla Mihalovich: 0.8%CalMatters: 0.4%Burden of Proof3.7%This article: 0.0%Cayla Mihalovich: 0.1%CalMatters: 0.2%Appeal to Nature0.0%This article: 0.0%Cayla Mihalovich: 0.0%CalMatters: 0.2%Composition/Division0.0%This article: 15.1%Cayla Mihalovich: 2.0%CalMatters: 1.8%Anecdotal15.1%This article: 0.0%Cayla Mihalovich: 0.0%CalMatters: 0.0%No True Scotsman0.0%This article: 4.4%Cayla Mihalovich: 0.8%CalMatters: 1.2%Ambiguity (Equivocation)4.4%This article: 0.0%Cayla Mihalovich: 0.0%CalMatters: 0.0%Gambler’s Fallacy0.0%This article: 0.0%Cayla Mihalovich: 0.1%CalMatters: 0.1%Middle Ground0.0%This article: 0.0%Cayla Mihalovich: 0.0%CalMatters: 0.0%Personal Incredulity0.0%This article: 0.0%Cayla Mihalovich: 0.5%CalMatters: 0.3%Special Pleading0.0%This article: 0.0%Cayla Mihalovich: 0.1%CalMatters: 0.1%Genetic Fallacy0.0%This article: 3.6%Cayla Mihalovich: 0.8%CalMatters: 0.9%Unattributed Quote3.6%This article: 1.9%Cayla Mihalovich: 0.8%CalMatters: 0.8%Quote-first Misdirection1.9%This article: 0.0%Cayla Mihalovich: 1.8%CalMatters: 3.2%Biased Writer Voice0.0%This article: 3.3%Cayla Mihalovich: 0.5%CalMatters: 0.9%Indoctrination3.3%This article: 0.0%Cayla Mihalovich: 0.6%CalMatters: 0.6%Politically Left Leaning Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Cayla Mihalovich: 0.6%CalMatters: 0.2%Politically Right Leaning Bias0.0%This article: 7.6%Cayla Mihalovich: 0.9%CalMatters: 1.0%Attempt to Sell a Product or S…7.6%

910 words analyzed.

Speakers

16speakers49%attributed speech460writer words
Voice mapSelect a segment to jump to its words
Writer's voice • 7 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 5 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 13 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 33 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 14 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 12 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 25 words • 0.0% coverageMichelle Luna Reynoso • 9 words • 100.0% coverageMichelle Luna Reynoso • 9 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 23 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 17 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 17 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 19 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 22 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 32 words • 0.0% coverageJason Zapata • 8 words • 100.0% coverageJason Zapata • 10 words • 0.0% coverageJason Zapata • 5 words • 0.0% coverageJason Zapata • 13 words • 0.0% coverageCalMatters • 25 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 9 words • 100.0% coverageCalMatters • 25 words • 100.0% coverageCalMatters • 8 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 6 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 29 words • 0.0% coverageRob Bonta • 11 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 15 words • 0.0% coverageRob Bonta • 36 words • 0.0% coverageRob Bonta • 27 words • 0.0% coverageRob Bonta • 24 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 11 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 24 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 4 words • 0.0% coverageAdam Ashton • 31 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 22 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 31 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 32 words • 0.0% coverageMarcie Frost • 33 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 2 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 2 words • 0.0% coveragePaul Thornton • 44 words • 0.0% coverageWilliam Lu • 31 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 5 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 8 words • 0.0% coverageThe Mercury News • 22 words • 0.0% coverageThe Sacramento Bee • 13 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 10 words • 0.0% coverageLAist • 5 words • 0.0% coverageKQED • 14 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 5 words • 0.0% coverageinewsource • 7 words • 0.0% coverageLos Angeles Times • 16 words • 0.0% coverageCapital & Main • 13 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 6 words • 0.0% coverageSan Francisco Chronicle • 11 words • 0.0% coverage
Selected voice

Marcie Frost

100%flagged-word coverage
33 attributed words7.3% of attributed speech92% writer coverage
0%50.0%100.0%Unattributed Quote+100.0 ptsWriter: 0.0%Marcie Frost: 100.0%100.0%Attempt to Sell a Product -2.4 ptsWriter: 2.4%Marcie Frost: 0.0%0.0%Indoctrination-1.1 ptsWriter: 1.1%Marcie Frost: 0.0%0.0%

Attribution is sentence-level. Pattern percentages are calculated only from words assigned to that voice.

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Analysis

Hover over highlighted words in the article to view the associated bias or fallacy analysis.