Face-to-face encounters impose a moral responsibility 56%

By Sasha Chanoff0%

7/17/2026, 5:09:28 AM

BS Summary: This article contains 26 faulty reasoning types, including Appeal to Authority, Anecdotal, and Post Hoc (False Cause), with Appeal to Emotion as the most egregious example at 17.1% saturation with 161 hits. Analysis detected 1,173 faulty-reasoning hits from 941 analyzed words, generating a BS Score of 53.3% and a BS Rank of 56% (9,482 of 21,171 articles). This article is worse (more manipulative) than 55.20% of the article peer group.

Are we or are we not humanitarians? 
In 2000, I was sent to the Democratic Republic of the Congo on a refugee evacuation mission. 
My boss handed me a list of 112 names and clear orders: Hire armed guards, secure buses, charter a plane and get massacre survivors from a safe haven to the airport. 
One directive stood above all: Don’t take anyone not on the list. 
Any deviation could jeopardize the mission. 
My assignment was a last-ditch effort that the U.S. government had hired my employer  the International Organization for Migration at the time  to undertake. 
Anyone we evacuated would have a chance to come to the United States through the refugee resettlement program. 
But with the Congo at war, the odds of getting people out were slim. 
When my colleague Sheikha Ali, a senior operations official, and I arrived at the safe haven, a two-acre compound away from active conflict, we found the 112 people on our list. 
We registered them and told them we would fly out in a few days. 
As we were about to leave, a humanitarian aid worker urged us to see a group of new arrivals in a nearby tent. 
I said our list was closed  we couldn’t meet or take anyone else. 
But my colleague Sheikha insisted on taking a look, and I followed. 
Inside were 32 widows and orphans  traumatized and emaciated. 
Sheikha leaned down to a young boy holding what looked like a doll and asked its name. 
Suddenly, the doll’s eyes opened. 
It was a tiny infant, barely alive. 
The aid worker told us they had escaped a prison camp where people from their tribe were being executed. 
He didn’t know how they had survived. 
There was a basic human instinct  grounded in empathy  that made it clear we had to find a way to act. 
That night, Sheikha and I argued. 
She said we had to try to take them. 
I said we couldn’t risk the lives of the people on our list. 
But as we argued, I thought of my own family background  my great-grandmother fled pogroms in Russia, escaped to the U.S., lost her husband and raised four children. 
What if someone hadn’t been there in her time of greatest need? 
After hours of going back and forth, Sheikha said quietly, “Sasha, are we or are we not humanitarians?” 
That ended the debate. 
We called our boss and told him what we intended to do. 
He warned us, angrily, that the entire mission could fail  but said if we secured the U.S. 
Ambassador’s approval, we could proceed. 
(We did so.) 
On the morning of the flight, we got everyone to the airport. 
Then Congolese immigration officials stopped us. 
Everything we had feared might happen was happening. 
We weren’t going to get anyone out, I thought. 
They’ll all die here. 
Sheikha went to plead our case. 
After what felt like an eternity, the head official nodded, allowing us to board the plane. 
We left, with all 142 refugees, those on our list and those from the tent. 
After thorough vetting, all of them eventually came to the United States. 
That tiny, wasted infant graduated from college a few years ago. 
Others became citizens, built families, and contributed to their communities. 
The eldest brother of one of those families  who escaped separately and reunited with them in the U.S.  went on to work in finance at Charles Schwab, and then started his own healthcare company. 
I’ve often wondered: Did we make the right choice? 
Utilitarian logic might suggest we should have left the 32 behind to protect the 112. 
But something else took hold. 
The philosopher Emmanuel Levinas, who was influenced by the Holocaust, wrote that “face-to-face” encounters impose a moral responsibility. 
I felt that viscerally. 
I couldn’t turn away. 
There was a basic human instinct  grounded in empathy  that made it clear we had to find a way to act. 
My choice all those years ago gave me insight into my deepest-held values. 
It shaped my life. 
I founded an organization, RefugePoint, to support overlooked refugees, and wrote a book, “From Crisis to Calling: Finding Your Moral Center in the Toughest Decisions.” 
In the end, three things I’ve come to think of as lessons helped me answer Sheikha’s question, “Are we or are we not humanitarians?” 
And perhaps they can help you, too. 
First, open your eyes: Confronting a human dilemma first-hand  in my case stepping into that tent  will make you fully aware. 
Right now in the United States, the Trump administration is arresting and detaining legally admitted, law-abiding refugees, people like those we evacuated. 
But human dilemmas take countless forms. 
Each of us will face our own tent. 
Second, know yourself: What does your gut  your unique background and experience  tell you to do? 
Third, take courage: Do what you feel is right, even if there’s a risk. 
This kind of action can reveal who you are at your core. 
It can even change your life. 
According to the UN Refugee Agency, by the end of 2025, some 117.8 million people  about 1 in every 70 people globally  have been displaced by persecution, conflict, violence or human rights violations. 
At some point, each of us will be confronted with the question: are we or are we not humanitarians? 
Editor's note: Show of Force, a media company, produced a 10-minute documentary version of this story in 2016, as part of a multi-platform initiative about the global refugee crisis called "Humanity on the Move." 
Article reasoning-pattern comparisonThis article: 2.4%Sasha Chanoff: 1.9%Cognoscenti: 2.4%Confirmation Bias2.4%This article: 0.0%Sasha Chanoff: 0.0%Cognoscenti: 0.5%Anchoring Bias0.0%This article: 6.1%Sasha Chanoff: 5.1%Cognoscenti: 2.1%Availability Heuristic6.1%This article: 0.0%Sasha Chanoff: 0.0%Cognoscenti: 0.7%Representativeness Heuristic0.0%This article: 2.1%Sasha Chanoff: 1.4%Cognoscenti: 0.5%Hindsight Bias2.1%This article: 0.0%Sasha Chanoff: 0.0%Cognoscenti: 1.4%Overconfidence Bias0.0%This article: 0.6%Sasha Chanoff: 1.0%Cognoscenti: 3.8%Framing Effect0.6%This article: 0.0%Sasha Chanoff: 0.7%Cognoscenti: 0.7%Loss Aversion0.0%This article: 0.0%Sasha Chanoff: 0.5%Cognoscenti: 0.5%Status Quo Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Sasha Chanoff: 0.0%Cognoscenti: 0.1%Sunk Cost Effect0.0%This article: 3.2%Sasha Chanoff: 1.5%Cognoscenti: 3.3%Optimism Bias3.2%This article: 2.9%Sasha Chanoff: 2.1%Cognoscenti: 0.7%Pessimism Bias2.9%This article: 3.2%Sasha Chanoff: 2.6%Cognoscenti: 4.8%Negativity Bias3.2%This article: 6.4%Sasha Chanoff: 4.5%Cognoscenti: 1.1%Self-Serving Bias6.4%This article: 0.0%Sasha Chanoff: 0.0%Cognoscenti: 0.7%Fundamental Attribution Error0.0%This article: 0.4%Sasha Chanoff: 0.1%Cognoscenti: 0.1%Actor-Observer Bias0.4%This article: 0.0%Sasha Chanoff: 0.0%Cognoscenti: 0.6%In-Group Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Sasha Chanoff: 0.0%Cognoscenti: 0.1%Out-Group Homogeneity Bias0.0%This article: 3.8%Sasha Chanoff: 3.3%Cognoscenti: 1.9%Halo Effect3.8%This article: 0.0%Sasha Chanoff: 0.0%Cognoscenti: 0.1%Horn Effect0.0%This article: 0.0%Sasha Chanoff: 0.0%Cognoscenti: 0.0%Dunning-Kruger Effect0.0%This article: 0.0%Sasha Chanoff: 0.0%Cognoscenti: 0.8%Recency Bias0.0%This article: 4.6%Sasha Chanoff: 2.4%Cognoscenti: 0.3%Primacy Effect4.6%This article: 0.0%Sasha Chanoff: 0.0%Cognoscenti: 0.1%Blind-Spot Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Sasha Chanoff: 0.0%Cognoscenti: 0.4%Ad Hominem0.0%This article: 2.3%Sasha Chanoff: 0.8%Cognoscenti: 0.3%Straw Man2.3%This article: 11.5%Sasha Chanoff: 5.1%Cognoscenti: 2.6%Appeal to Authority11.5%This article: 4.7%Sasha Chanoff: 3.6%Cognoscenti: 1.6%False Dilemma4.7%This article: 0.0%Sasha Chanoff: 0.0%Cognoscenti: 0.3%Slippery Slope0.0%This article: 0.0%Sasha Chanoff: 0.0%Cognoscenti: 0.1%Circular Reasoning0.0%This article: 2.4%Sasha Chanoff: 1.8%Cognoscenti: 3.6%Hasty Generalization2.4%This article: 0.0%Sasha Chanoff: 0.8%Cognoscenti: 0.2%Red Herring0.0%This article: 0.0%Sasha Chanoff: 0.0%Cognoscenti: 0.5%Bandwagon0.0%This article: 17.1%Sasha Chanoff: 11.5%Cognoscenti: 5.1%Appeal to Emotion17.1%This article: 8.8%Sasha Chanoff: 2.9%Cognoscenti: 0.5%Begging the Question8.8%This article: 9.1%Sasha Chanoff: 3.2%Cognoscenti: 2.0%Post Hoc (False Cause)9.1%This article: 0.0%Sasha Chanoff: 0.0%Cognoscenti: 0.0%Tu Quoque0.0%This article: 0.0%Sasha Chanoff: 0.0%Cognoscenti: 0.4%Burden of Proof0.0%This article: 0.0%Sasha Chanoff: 0.0%Cognoscenti: 0.2%Appeal to Nature0.0%This article: 1.3%Sasha Chanoff: 0.4%Cognoscenti: 0.2%Composition/Division1.3%This article: 10.7%Sasha Chanoff: 9.1%Cognoscenti: 2.3%Anecdotal10.7%This article: 0.0%Sasha Chanoff: 0.0%Cognoscenti: 0.1%No True Scotsman0.0%This article: 0.5%Sasha Chanoff: 0.2%Cognoscenti: 0.7%Ambiguity (Equivocation)0.5%This article: 0.0%Sasha Chanoff: 0.0%Cognoscenti: 0.0%Gambler’s Fallacy0.0%This article: 1.6%Sasha Chanoff: 0.5%Cognoscenti: 0.1%Middle Ground1.6%This article: 0.0%Sasha Chanoff: 0.0%Cognoscenti: 0.0%Personal Incredulity0.0%This article: 0.0%Sasha Chanoff: 0.0%Cognoscenti: 0.1%Special Pleading0.0%This article: 0.0%Sasha Chanoff: 0.0%Cognoscenti: 0.0%Genetic Fallacy0.0%This article: 5.6%Sasha Chanoff: 1.9%Cognoscenti: 0.8%Unattributed Quote5.6%This article: 0.0%Sasha Chanoff: 1.2%Cognoscenti: 0.5%Quote-first Misdirection0.0%This article: 0.0%Sasha Chanoff: 2.7%Cognoscenti: 2.9%Biased Writer Voice0.0%This article: 7.4%Sasha Chanoff: 8.8%Cognoscenti: 1.3%Indoctrination7.4%This article: 0.0%Sasha Chanoff: 1.6%Cognoscenti: 0.8%Politically Left Leaning Bias0.0%This article: 2.3%Sasha Chanoff: 0.8%Cognoscenti: 0.1%Politically Right Leaning Bias2.3%This article: 3.4%Sasha Chanoff: 2.9%Cognoscenti: 1.1%Attempt to Sell a Product or S…3.4%

941 words analyzed.

Speakers

3speakers12%attributed speech828writer words
Voice mapSelect a segment to jump to its words
Writer's voice • 6 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 7 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 17 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 31 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 12 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 6 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 26 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 18 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 14 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 31 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 14 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 23 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 14 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 12 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 10 words • 0.0% coverageSheikha Ali • 17 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 5 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 7 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 19 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 7 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 23 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 6 words • 0.0% coverageSheikha Ali • 9 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 13 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 29 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 12 words • 0.0% coverageSheikha Ali • 18 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 4 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 12 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 18 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 5 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 3 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 12 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 6 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 8 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 9 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 4 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 6 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 16 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 15 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 12 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 11 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 10 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 36 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 9 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 15 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 5 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 18 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 4 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 4 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 23 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 13 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 4 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 25 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 24 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 7 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 23 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 22 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 6 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 8 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 18 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 14 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 12 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 6 words • 0.0% coverageUN Refugee Agency • 35 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 19 words • 0.0% coverageShow of Force • 34 words • 0.0% coverage
Selected voice

UN Refugee Agency

100%flagged-word coverage
35 attributed words31% of attributed speech64% writer coverage
0%50.0%100.0%Unattributed Quote+97.8 ptsWriter: 2.2%UN Refugee Agency: 100.0%100.0%Indoctrination-8.5 ptsWriter: 8.5%UN Refugee Agency: 0.0%0.0%Attempt to Sell a Product -3.9 ptsWriter: 3.9%UN Refugee Agency: 0.0%0.0%Politically Right Leaning -2.7 ptsWriter: 2.7%UN Refugee Agency: 0.0%0.0%

Attribution is sentence-level. Pattern percentages are calculated only from words assigned to that voice.

Loading…
Loading…
Loading…

Analysis

Hover over highlighted words in the article to view the associated bias or fallacy analysis.