Trump-appointed judge dismisses seditious conspiracy case against Proud Boys 41%

By Robert Mackey34%

7/11/2026, 1:58:49 AM

BS Summary: This article contains 21 faulty reasoning types, including Biased Writer Voice, Appeal to Authority, and Unattributed Quote, with Negativity Bias as the most egregious example at 25.9% saturation with 158 hits. Analysis detected 1,349 faulty-reasoning hits from 611 analyzed words, generating a BS Score of 45.6% and a BS Rank of 41% (12,584 of 21,171 articles). This article is better (less manipulative) than 59.40% of the article peer group.

Proud Boys members, from left, Zachary Rehl, Ethan Nordean and Joseph Biggs walk toward the US Capitol in Washington DC on 6 January 2021. 
Photograph: Carolyn Kaster/AP 
Trump-appointed judge dismisses seditious conspiracy case against Proud Boys 
Judge says he’s granting request to dismiss prosecutions even though request is clearly based not on facts or the law 
A federal judge nominated by Donald Trump during his first term reluctantly agreed on Friday to grant the Department of Justice’s motion to dismiss the seditious conspiracy convictions against leaders of the Proud Boys who were convicted by a jury of serious crimes during the attack on the US Capitol by Trump supporters on 6 January 2021. 
The US district judge Timothy Kelly noted in a seven-page memorandum that the Proud Boy leaders Ethan Nordean, Joseph Biggs and Zachary Rehl were all convicted of multiple crimes, including seditious conspiracy, and a fourth member of the group, Dominic Pezzola, was convicted of assaulting an officer and “breaking a Capitol window, thereby helping to create the first entry point through which hundreds of rioters streamed into the building”. 
Pezzola’s destruction of the window was recorded in a social media video that quickly became one of the iconic images of the day. 
Nordean, Biggs and Rehl were all sentenced to long prison terms in 2023. 
Upon returning to office in 2025, Trump commuted their sentences as part of a sweeping order granting clemency to about 1,500 people who had been charged with or convicted for participating in the Capital attack. 
However, their convictions were kept in place. 
In April, the DoJ requested that an appeals court overturn the convictions. 
The appeals court approved the motion in May, sending the ruling back to Kelly. 
Kelly, in Friday’s memo, said he was granting the motion as “it is hard to see how any other course ... could make practical sense. 
Denying the motion would not somehow revive the convictions that the Court of Appeals vacated”. 
Kelly, in Friday’s filing, went on to note that he was granting the motion to dismiss the prosecutions even though the request was clearly based not on facts or the law, but on Trump’s desire to excuse the violence of his supporters. 
“[T]here is little mystery about why the Government is moving to dismiss this case, or whether dismissal is in fact what the Executive seeks,” Kelly observed. 
“President Trump’s views about the prosecution of those who attacked the US Capitol on January 6  whether those views are based on fact or fiction  are well known, as is his intention to extend clemency to them”. 
Kelly also noted that the case was initiated “while President Trump was still in power” in the days after the attack. 
“As the Court has said many times, the attack on the Capitol on January 6, 2021 was a perilous event,” Kelly wrote. 
“It was an attack on people, including police officers, many of whom were injured. 
It was an attack on a coordinate branch of government  Congress  that the Founders saw fit to give a place of primacy in Article I of the Constitution. 
And it was an attack on the Constitution’s mechanism to facilitate the peaceful transfer of power from one president to the next, what President Reagan called ‘nothing less than a miracle.’” 
“Moving forward, if this Nation’s experiment in self-government is to last another 250 years, the American people  no matter their partisan preferences  will have to act together to preserve, protect and defend that miracle through our constitutional framework,” the Trump-appointed judge concluded. 
Explore more on these topics 
Trump administration 
Article reasoning-pattern comparisonThis article: 14.4%Robert Mackey: 1.2%the Guardian: 3.7%Confirmation Bias14.4%This article: 0.0%Robert Mackey: 0.2%the Guardian: 0.6%Anchoring Bias0.0%This article: 3.8%Robert Mackey: 2.4%the Guardian: 3.1%Availability Heuristic3.8%This article: 0.0%Robert Mackey: 0.4%the Guardian: 1.2%Representativeness Heuristic0.0%This article: 0.0%Robert Mackey: 1.2%the Guardian: 1.0%Hindsight Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Robert Mackey: 1.2%the Guardian: 1.6%Overconfidence Bias0.0%This article: 12.3%Robert Mackey: 6.2%the Guardian: 6.1%Framing Effect12.3%This article: 0.0%Robert Mackey: 0.0%the Guardian: 0.6%Loss Aversion0.0%This article: 0.0%Robert Mackey: 0.1%the Guardian: 0.6%Status Quo Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Robert Mackey: 0.1%the Guardian: 0.2%Sunk Cost Effect0.0%This article: 0.0%Robert Mackey: 0.7%the Guardian: 2.5%Optimism Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Robert Mackey: 0.4%the Guardian: 2.1%Pessimism Bias0.0%This article: 25.9%Robert Mackey: 7.4%the Guardian: 10.4%Negativity Bias25.9%This article: 0.0%Robert Mackey: 1.2%the Guardian: 1.6%Self-Serving Bias0.0%This article: 6.4%Robert Mackey: 0.4%the Guardian: 1.4%Fundamental Attribution Error6.4%This article: 0.0%Robert Mackey: 0.4%the Guardian: 0.3%Actor-Observer Bias0.0%This article: 12.1%Robert Mackey: 0.8%the Guardian: 1.3%In-Group Bias12.1%This article: 0.0%Robert Mackey: 0.3%the Guardian: 0.7%Out-Group Homogeneity Bias0.0%This article: 5.1%Robert Mackey: 0.4%the Guardian: 3.2%Halo Effect5.1%This article: 0.0%Robert Mackey: 0.0%the Guardian: 0.3%Horn Effect0.0%This article: 0.0%Robert Mackey: 0.0%the Guardian: 0.0%Dunning-Kruger Effect0.0%This article: 5.7%Robert Mackey: 0.5%the Guardian: 1.1%Recency Bias5.7%This article: 1.5%Robert Mackey: 0.2%the Guardian: 0.4%Primacy Effect1.5%This article: 0.0%Robert Mackey: 0.0%the Guardian: 0.1%Blind-Spot Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Robert Mackey: 2.7%the Guardian: 2.0%Ad Hominem0.0%This article: 0.0%Robert Mackey: 0.4%the Guardian: 0.6%Straw Man0.0%This article: 20.0%Robert Mackey: 2.7%the Guardian: 3.8%Appeal to Authority20.0%This article: 7.2%Robert Mackey: 0.8%the Guardian: 1.7%False Dilemma7.2%This article: 0.0%Robert Mackey: 1.3%the Guardian: 1.1%Slippery Slope0.0%This article: 0.0%Robert Mackey: 0.0%the Guardian: 0.1%Circular Reasoning0.0%This article: 0.0%Robert Mackey: 3.1%the Guardian: 6.3%Hasty Generalization0.0%This article: 0.0%Robert Mackey: 0.2%the Guardian: 0.2%Red Herring0.0%This article: 0.0%Robert Mackey: 0.4%the Guardian: 0.7%Bandwagon0.0%This article: 12.8%Robert Mackey: 4.4%the Guardian: 5.6%Appeal to Emotion12.8%This article: 6.4%Robert Mackey: 1.4%the Guardian: 0.9%Begging the Question6.4%This article: 3.4%Robert Mackey: 1.5%the Guardian: 2.9%Post Hoc (False Cause)3.4%This article: 0.0%Robert Mackey: 0.1%the Guardian: 0.1%Tu Quoque0.0%This article: 10.1%Robert Mackey: 0.6%the Guardian: 0.4%Burden of Proof10.1%This article: 0.0%Robert Mackey: 0.0%the Guardian: 0.2%Appeal to Nature0.0%This article: 0.0%Robert Mackey: 0.0%the Guardian: 0.4%Composition/Division0.0%This article: 0.0%Robert Mackey: 0.3%the Guardian: 3.1%Anecdotal0.0%This article: 0.0%Robert Mackey: 0.0%the Guardian: 0.1%No True Scotsman0.0%This article: 16.2%Robert Mackey: 0.5%the Guardian: 1.6%Ambiguity (Equivocation)16.2%This article: 0.0%Robert Mackey: 0.0%the Guardian: 0.0%Gambler’s Fallacy0.0%This article: 0.0%Robert Mackey: 0.0%the Guardian: 0.1%Middle Ground0.0%This article: 0.0%Robert Mackey: 0.0%the Guardian: 0.1%Personal Incredulity0.0%This article: 0.0%Robert Mackey: 0.0%the Guardian: 0.1%Special Pleading0.0%This article: 0.0%Robert Mackey: 0.0%the Guardian: 0.3%Genetic Fallacy0.0%This article: 19.8%Robert Mackey: 2.0%the Guardian: 1.6%Unattributed Quote19.8%This article: 4.1%Robert Mackey: 0.6%the Guardian: 1.1%Quote-first Misdirection4.1%This article: 22.4%Robert Mackey: 4.3%the Guardian: 10.4%Biased Writer Voice22.4%This article: 10.5%Robert Mackey: 0.8%the Guardian: 1.8%Indoctrination10.5%This article: 0.0%Robert Mackey: 3.4%the Guardian: 3.1%Politically Left Leaning Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Robert Mackey: 1.5%the Guardian: 0.3%Politically Right Leaning Bias0.0%This article: 0.8%Robert Mackey: 0.0%the Guardian: 1.0%Attempt to Sell a Product or S…0.8%

611 words analyzed.

Speakers

2speakers62%attributed speech230writer words
Voice mapSelect a segment to jump to its words
Writer's voice • 9 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 24 words • 0.0% coverageCarolyn Kaster • 3 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 9 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 20 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 57 words • 100.0% coverageTimothy Kelly • 69 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 23 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 13 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 35 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 7 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 12 words • 0.0% coverageWriter's voice • 14 words • 0.0% coverageTimothy Kelly • 25 words • 100.0% coverageTimothy Kelly • 15 words • 0.0% coverageTimothy Kelly • 42 words • 100.0% coverageTimothy Kelly • 26 words • 100.0% coverageTimothy Kelly • 39 words • 100.0% coverageTimothy Kelly • 21 words • 0.0% coverageTimothy Kelly • 22 words • 0.0% coverageTimothy Kelly • 14 words • 0.0% coverageTimothy Kelly • 30 words • 0.0% coverageTimothy Kelly • 31 words • 100.0% coverageTimothy Kelly • 44 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 5 words • 100.0% coverageWriter's voice • 2 words • 0.0% coverage
Selected voice

Timothy Kelly

78%flagged-word coverage
378 attributed words99% of attributed speech69% writer coverage
0%22.5%45.0%Biased Writer Voice-30.2 ptsWriter: 41.3%Timothy Kelly: 11.1%11.1%Unattributed Quote+32.0 ptsWriter: 0.0%Timothy Kelly: 32.0%32.0%Indoctrination+2.9 ptsWriter: 8.7%Timothy Kelly: 11.6%11.6%Quote-first Misdirection+6.6 ptsWriter: 0.0%Timothy Kelly: 6.6%6.6%Attempt to Sell a Product -2.2 ptsWriter: 2.2%Timothy Kelly: 0.0%0.0%

Attribution is sentence-level. Pattern percentages are calculated only from words assigned to that voice.

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Analysis

Hover over highlighted words in the article to view the associated bias or fallacy analysis.